정답이 있는 내외과: 심혈관계와 호흡기계 학습지

벤투리 마스크의 가장 큰 장점은?

1. A산소 공급 없이도 작동한다
2. B산소를 데우고 가습하는 유일한 마스크이다
3. C고정된 정확한 산소 농도를 제공한다
4. D환자에게 100% 산소를 제공한다

Which side effect is particularly linked with spironolactone in men?

1. AOrange-red colouring of the urine
2. BHair loss on the scalp and eyebrows
3. CBreast enlargement (gynaecomastia)
4. DA persistent dry, tickly cough

How does montelukast work in asthma?

1. AIt thins mucus by breaking down DNA
2. BIt blocks leukotriene receptors in the airways
3. CIt stimulates beta-2 receptors in the airways
4. DIt kills bacteria in the bronchi

심부전 환자가 왜 소금을 제한하는지 묻습니다. 올바른 설명은?

1. A나트륨이 수축하는 심근을 직접 약하게 하기 때문
2. B나트륨이 이뇨제 정제의 흡수를 방해하기 때문
3. C나트륨이 수면 중 심박수를 높이기 때문
4. D나트륨은 몸이 수분을 붙들게 하여 울혈을 더하기 때문

Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?

1. AIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day
2. BIt must be stopped as soon as symptoms improve
3. CIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start
4. DIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears

A patient's blood pressure is high in clinic but normal on home readings. Which step best confirms the diagnosis?

1. AAmbulatory or structured home blood pressure monitoring
2. BA chest X-ray
3. CStarting two antihypertensive drugs at once at full dose
4. DA single repeat reading in the same clinic visit

The stump of a recent below-knee amputation suddenly bleeds heavily through the dressing. What should the nurse do first?

1. ARemove all the dressings and wait for the bleeding to stop by itself
2. BApply firm direct pressure and call for urgent surgical help
3. CEncourage the patient to walk on crutches to ease the pressure
4. DApply a warm compress to the stump

A patient declines enoxaparin for VTE prevention because it is made from pork, which conflicts with their beliefs. What is the best response?

1. ATell the patient that refusal means they cannot have surgery
2. BGive the injection anyway without explaining what the medicine is made from
3. CRespect the decision, inform the prescriber and discuss non-animal options
4. DDocument the refusal in the notes and take no further action at all