정답이 있는 내외과: 심혈관계와 호흡기계 학습지

흡연하는 COPD 환자에서 질환 진행을 가장 효과적으로 늦추는 중재는?

1. A매일 경구 코르티코스테로이드
2. B금연
3. C장기 재택 산소
4. D장기 경구 항생제

Which group of symptoms is typical of pulmonary tuberculosis?

1. ASudden wheeze, itching and a raised skin rash
2. BSharp chest pain only when lying flat on the back
3. CCalf pain, leg swelling and redness
4. DLong-lasting cough, night sweats and weight loss

Which of these is a common allergic trigger of asthma?

1. ADrinking water
2. BWearing cotton clothes
3. CEating rice
4. DHouse dust mite

How is orthostatic (postural) hypotension usually assessed?

1. ABP only standing, after a brisk walk along the corridor
2. BBP in both arms at the same moment while sitting
3. CBP once sitting, then once lying down straight after a large meal
4. DBP lying after rest, then again after 1 and 3 minutes standing

A patient with a mechanical heart valve asks to switch from warfarin to apixaban. What is the correct response?

1. AMechanical valves do not need anticoagulation after the first month
2. BAny anticoagulant works equally well once the valve is in place
3. CAspirin alone can replace warfarin once the valve has healed
4. DDirect oral anticoagulants are not used for mechanical valves

A patient who had a stroke has a weak swallow. Which measure most reduces the risk of aspiration pneumonia?

1. AGiving thin fluids quickly through a straw between meals
2. BLying flat for 30 minutes after eating to aid digestion
3. CGiving meals while the patient is drowsy
4. DA swallowing assessment and sitting upright for meals

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis is due to start an anti-TNF biologic drug. Which screening is essential beforehand?

1. AAn exercise ECG test on a treadmill
2. BScreening for latent tuberculosis
3. CA peak flow diary for a month
4. DA sweat chloride test

A patient with asthma needs their reliever every three hours and their peak flow is falling well below their personal best. What does their action plan most likely advise?

1. AStop the preventer inhaler for a few days to rest the lungs
2. BFollow the worsening-asthma steps and get a same-day review
3. CDo extra exercise to open the airways
4. DWait two weeks to see whether it improves without any change