정답이 있는 내외과: 심혈관계와 호흡기계 학습지

What is an embolus?

1. AA clot or other mass that travels in the blood and lodges elsewhere
2. BA clot that stays fixed in the vessel where it first formed
3. CA narrowing of an artery caused by a build-up of fatty plaque
4. DA bulge in the weakened wall of an artery that may rupture

What is bronchiectasis?

1. AA brief spasm of the airways that fully reverses with treatment
2. BPermanent widening of the bronchi with chronic sputum
3. CA tumour of the main bronchus
4. DDestruction of the alveolar walls with air trapping

Which precautions are needed for a patient with suspected infectious pulmonary tuberculosis?

1. AAirborne precautions with a respirator mask
2. BProtective isolation for the patient's own sake
3. CStandard precautions only
4. DContact precautions with gloves only

Why are patients with mitral stenosis at high risk of atrial fibrillation?

1. AThe right ventricle shrinks and stops contracting properly over time
2. BThe coronary arteries become blocked by the valve
3. CThe narrow valve presses on the sinus node and slows it down directly
4. DThe left atrium enlarges as it pushes blood through the narrow valve

A peripheral cannula site is red, warm, tender and swollen along the vein. What should the nurse do?

1. ARemove the cannula, document and monitor the site
2. BFlush the cannula hard to clear it
3. CCover the site and keep using it until it blocks
4. DLeave it in place, as this is normal after 24 hours

Why is pyridoxine (vitamin B6) often given with isoniazid?

1. ATo prevent loss of colour vision
2. BTo prevent orange discolouration of urine
3. CTo prevent peripheral neuropathy
4. DTo prevent gout attacks

환자의 흉관 배액관이 배액통에서 분리되었습니다. 간호사가 가장 먼저 할 일은?

1. A몇 시간 동안 관을 잠그고 나중에 환자를 다시 확인한다
2. B의사가 와서 검토할 때까지 공기 중에 열어 둔다
3. C흉부에서 배액관을 빼고 부위를 덮는다
4. D다시 연결하거나 관 끝을 멸균수에 담근 다음 사정한다

A patient with severe COPD has increasing ankle oedema and a raised JVP, but no crackles and a normal left ventricle on echocardiography. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAortic stenosis
2. BCor pulmonale
3. CDeep vein thrombosis
4. DLeft ventricular failure