정답이 있는 내외과: 심혈관계와 호흡기계 학습지

Which chest X-ray finding is classic for sarcoidosis?

1. AA single round mass in one apex
2. BEnlarged lymph nodes at both lung hila
3. CA visible edge of collapsed lung
4. DA completely white lung on one side

Legionnaires' disease is usually acquired from which source?

1. AContact with cats' litter trays while cleaning them at home
2. BMosquito bites when travelling in warm, humid countries
3. CEating undercooked chicken or eggs bought from a market stall
4. DContaminated water systems such as cooling towers and showers

Which pain description is typical of an acute aortic dissection?

1. ACramping calf pain that eases with a short rest
2. BBurning pain after meals that eases with antacids
3. CDull ache that slowly builds over several days
4. DSudden, severe tearing pain that spreads to the back

The telemetry monitor suddenly shows a chaotic waveform resembling ventricular fibrillation, but the patient is talking and brushing their teeth. What should the nurse do first?

1. ACheck the patient and the electrodes, as this is likely artefact
2. BStart chest compressions straight away and call the arrest team
3. CGive IV amiodarone as a bolus
4. DDeliver an immediate defibrillation shock before checking anything

A patient with angle-closure glaucoma needs nebulised ipratropium. What precaution is sensible?

1. AGive it only with the patient lying completely flat
2. BMix it with an eye drop before putting it in the nebuliser
3. CRun it at the highest possible gas flow
4. DUse a mouthpiece or protect the eyes from the mist

A patient's blood pressure is high in clinic but normal on home readings. Which step best confirms the diagnosis?

1. AA chest X-ray
2. BA single repeat reading in the same clinic visit
3. CAmbulatory or structured home blood pressure monitoring
4. DStarting two antihypertensive drugs at once at full dose

A ventilated patient with severe ARDS is to be turned prone. What is the main reason, and the key nursing risk?

1. AIt treats infection; the risk is fever
2. BIt improves digestion and gut motility; the main risk is constipation
3. CIt lowers the blood pressure; the main risk is rebound hypertension
4. DIt improves oxygenation; risks are pressure injury and tube displacement

During a thrombolytic infusion for an MI, the patient develops a sudden severe headache, vomiting and new confusion. What should the nurse do first?

1. ASlow the infusion and give an antiemetic
2. BStop the infusion and call for urgent medical help
3. CContinue the infusion, as headache is a common side effect
4. DGive a second dose to finish the treatment