정답이 있는 내외과: 소화기계, 수술 전후, 종양 학습지

급성 췌장염 대부분을 설명하는 두 가지 원인은?

1. A고섬유 식이와 탈수
2. B흡연과 비만
3. C바이러스성 감기와 스트레스
4. D담석과 음주

Which skin care advice is usual during external beam radiotherapy?

1. AApply a hot water bottle to soothe the area
2. BWash gently with lukewarm water and pat dry
3. CUse perfumed lotions to keep the skin soft
4. DScrub the treated area daily to remove the skin marks

항암 화학요법으로 인한 구강 점막염 환자에게 도움이 되는 조언은?

1. A아픔이 가라앉을 때까지 모든 구강 관리를 중단한다
2. B소독하려고 하루에 여러 번 알코올 기반 가글을 쓴다
3. C부드러운 칫솔로 순하게 관리하고 생리식염수로 입을 헹군다
4. D침 분비를 자극하려고 뜨겁고 매운 음식을 먹는다

Which statement about pain relief in acute pancreatitis is correct?

1. AOnly paracetamol may be given
2. BOpioids must never be used in pancreatitis
3. CPain relief should be withheld until the diagnosis is certain
4. DOpioids can be used, and good analgesia is a priority

Which wound drain observation should be reported immediately?

1. ASmall amounts of pink serous fluid
2. BDrainage slowly falling each day
3. CA little dried blood around the drain site
4. DA sudden large volume of fresh red blood

A day after a spinal anaesthetic, a patient has a headache that is worse when sitting up and better when lying flat. What is the most likely cause?

1. APost-dural puncture headache
2. BMigraine caused by hospital lighting
3. CRaised blood pressure from pain
4. DA side effect of the antibiotic

After two days of large volumes of IV 5% glucose, a postoperative patient becomes confused with a headache. Sodium is 124 mmol/L. What is the likely cause?

1. AHypoglycaemia from the glucose
2. BHyponatraemia from hypotonic fluids
3. CNormal confusion after any anaesthetic
4. DHypernatraemia from too much salt

Two hours after a meal, a patient who had a gastrectomy becomes shaky, sweaty and confused. What is the most likely cause and first action?

1. ALate dumping with low blood glucose; check capillary glucose
2. BEarly dumping from fluid shifts; give a large drink of water
3. CVitamin B₁₂ deficiency; give an injection now
4. DAn anastomotic leak; insert a nasogastric tube at once