정답이 있는 내외과: 소화기계, 수술 전후, 종양 학습지

What is the typical main symptom of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)?

1. ACramping pain low in the left side of the abdomen
2. BPainless yellowing of the skin and eyes
3. CSharp pain in the right shoulder after meals
4. DBurning pain behind the breastbone (heartburn)

What is slough in a wound?

1. APink, new skin at the wound edge
2. BRed, healthy granulation tissue
3. CA thick, hard black crust
4. DYellow, soft, stringy dead tissue

Which finding describes a category 1 pressure ulcer?

1. AA wound covered with thick black eschar
2. BA shallow open wound with a red-pink base and no slough
3. CIntact skin with redness that does not blanch
4. DAn open wound with visible bone at the base

Why are antimotility drugs such as loperamide avoided in C. difficile infection?

1. AThey kill the normal bowel bacteria
2. BThey cause serious liver failure in most patients who take them
3. CThey may keep toxin in the bowel and risk toxic megacolon
4. DThey make the stool sample test positive falsely

Why are accurate fluid balance charts kept after major surgery?

1. ATo check how far the patient has walked and how often they get out of bed
2. BTo decide which meal the patient will have next
3. CTo record when visitors come and go
4. DTo detect dehydration, fluid overload or kidney problems early

Why is it important to prevent perioperative hypothermia?

1. AIt reduces the amount of anaesthetic needed, which is unsafe
2. BIt makes patients wake up from the anaesthetic too quickly
3. CIt increases bleeding, wound infection and heart complications
4. DIt lowers the risk of pain after surgery

A patient with facial burns from a house fire was talking normally on arrival. Two hours later, the voice is hoarse and there is stridor. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive a warm drink to soothe the throat
2. BCall for urgent anaesthetic help, as the airway is swelling
3. CLay the patient flat to help them sleep
4. DEncourage the patient to rest the voice and reassess tomorrow

After surgery, a patient keeps asking for analgesia before it is due, watches the clock and rates pain 8/10. What is the most appropriate interpretation?

1. APain may be undertreated; reassess and ask for a review of the plan
2. BThe patient needs only distraction and no change in drugs
3. CThe patient is addicted and should have analgesia withheld
4. DThe patient is exaggerating, so the pain scores should be ignored for now