정답이 있는 내외과: 소화기계, 수술 전후, 종양 학습지

Why is adrenaline sometimes added to a local anaesthetic?

1. AIt turns the local anaesthetic into a general anaesthetic
2. BIt narrows vessels, so the block lasts longer and bleeding is less
3. CIt makes the patient fall asleep more quickly
4. DIt stops the local anaesthetic causing any allergy

In many adult guidelines, how long before an elective anaesthetic can clear fluids usually be drunk?

1. AUp to 12 hours before
2. BUp to 10 minutes before
3. CUp to 24 hours before
4. DUp to 2 hours before

What is adjuvant chemotherapy?

1. ATreatment given only to patients who refuse surgery or radiotherapy
2. BTreatment given only to relieve symptoms
3. CTreatment after surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence
4. DTreatment given before a biopsy is taken

How can low-dose opioids help a patient with breathlessness from advanced cancer?

1. AThey increase the oxygen level in the blood
2. BThey open the airways like an inhaler
3. CThey cure the underlying lung disease
4. DThey reduce the feeling of breathlessness

Which intervention most reduces pressure ulcer risk in an immobile patient?

1. ARegular repositioning and a pressure-redistributing mattress
2. BKeeping the head of the bed raised at 90° all day
3. CMassaging red areas firmly at each turn to bring back the circulation
4. DUsing a doughnut-shaped ring cushion

Which drug class is used to reduce the risk of a first variceal bleed in cirrhosis?

1. ANon-selective beta-blockers
2. BProton pump inhibitors
3. CThiazide diuretics
4. DCalcium supplements

Which new prescription for a patient with cirrhosis should the nurse question?

1. ASpironolactone for ascites
2. BRegular ibuprofen for back pain
3. CLactulose to keep the bowels open
4. DThiamine supplements

회장루 환자가 6시간 동안 배출이 없고 쥐어짜는 통증, 팽만, 구역, 부은 스토마가 있습니다. 간호사가 의심해야 하는 것은?

1. A스토마 주위의 가벼운 피부 발진
2. B새 회장루의 정상적인 조용한 시기
3. C흔히 음식으로 인한 스토마 폐색으로, 검토가 필요하다
4. D회장루 배출량이 매우 많아서 생긴 탈수