정답이 있는 내외과: 소화기계, 수술 전후, 종양 학습지

In TNM staging of cancer, what does "N" describe?

1. AThe new cells formed after treatment
2. BSpread to nearby lymph nodes
3. CThe nerve damage caused by the tumour
4. DThe number of tumours in the body

What is the main purpose of a biopsy when cancer is suspected?

1. ATo give chemotherapy directly into the tumour
2. BTo measure the patient's blood count
3. CTo confirm the diagnosis by examining tissue
4. DTo remove all the cancer at once

Radiotherapy to the pelvis commonly causes which side effects?

1. ADry mouth and changes in taste for many months afterwards
2. BDiarrhoea and frequent, painful passing of urine
3. CHair loss from the scalp
4. DCough and breathlessness

Which nursing intervention best reduces preoperative anxiety?

1. AAvoiding talking about the operation at all
2. BExplaining what will happen and answering questions
3. CKeeping family members away until after surgery
4. DTelling the patient that there is nothing to worry about

Which advice is appropriate for a patient with a very low platelet count?

1. AFloss hard every day to prevent gum disease
2. BUse a soft toothbrush and an electric razor
3. CUse a razor blade for shaving every day
4. DTake aspirin regularly for headaches

Which group of findings suggests obstruction of the bile duct?

1. ARed urine, black stools and a high blood glucose
2. BNormal skin colour with diarrhoea and fever
3. CPale urine, dark stools and a flapping tremor
4. DJaundice, dark urine, pale stools and itching

A patient has a category (stage) 2 pressure ulcer on the sacrum. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AOffload the area, manage moisture, support nutrition and dress it
2. BMassage around the wound every hour to stimulate blood flow to the skin
3. CSit the patient upright in a chair for most of the day
4. DLeave it uncovered and dry it with a hair dryer

A patient with diabetes has a foot ulcer. A sterile probe touches bone at the base of the ulcer. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ASimple dry skin
2. BVenous insufficiency
3. COsteomyelitis
4. DA healing category 1 ulcer