정답이 있는 내외과: 소화기계, 수술 전후, 종양 학습지

급성 췌장염 대부분을 설명하는 두 가지 원인은?

1. A고섬유 식이와 탈수
2. B바이러스성 감기와 스트레스
3. C흡연과 비만
4. D담석과 음주

Which urine output is commonly used as the minimum acceptable value for an adult after surgery?

1. AAbout 0.05 mL/kg per hour
2. BAbout 50 mL/kg per hour
3. CAbout 5 mL/kg per hour
4. DAbout 0.5 mL/kg per hour

In many adult guidelines, how long before an elective anaesthetic can clear fluids usually be drunk?

1. AUp to 2 hours before
2. BUp to 24 hours before
3. CUp to 12 hours before
4. DUp to 10 minutes before

Which is a usual benefit of laparoscopic over open abdominal surgery?

1. ANo need for a general anaesthetic ever
2. BLess pain and a shorter hospital stay
3. CNo risk of any complications at all
4. DLarger wounds that heal faster

Which patient is at highest risk of refeeding syndrome?

1. AAn underweight patient who has eaten very little for 10 days
2. BA patient who missed one lunch because of a scan
3. CA patient with a normal BMI eating three meals a day
4. DA healthy adult after an overnight fast for minor surgery

After laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a patient has pain in the right shoulder. What is the most likely cause?

1. AGas used during surgery irritating the diaphragm
2. BAn allergy to the dressing on the wound
3. CA dislocated shoulder from patient positioning
4. DA heart attack during the operation

아편유사제 PCA를 사용하는 환자가 마스크로 산소를 받습니다. SpO₂는 97%이고 호흡수는 11회/분이지만 이제 깨우기 어렵습니다. 간호사는 어떤 결론을 내려야 합니까?

1. A통증이 조절되었으므로 환자는 단지 잘 자고 있다
2. B아편유사제 독성일 가능성이 높으며 산소가 저환기를 가리고 있을 수 있다
3. C환자를 편안하게 하도록 PCA 용량을 늘려야 한다
4. D산소포화도가 정상이므로 환자는 안전하다

A patient with cirrhosis and ascites has a falling urine output and a rising creatinine. They have not received nephrotoxic drugs and are not dehydrated. Which complication is likely?

1. APolycystic kidney disease
2. BNephrotic syndrome
3. CHepatorenal syndrome
4. DUrinary tract infection