정답이 있는 내외과: 신경계, 내분비계, 신장 학습지

Which equipment should be ready at the bedside of a patient on seizure precautions?

1. AWrist restraints to stop the limbs jerking
2. BA tongue depressor to place between the teeth
3. CA urinary catheter in case of incontinence
4. DWorking suction and oxygen

두개내압이 상승한 환자에게 일반적으로 사용하는 머리 자세는?

1. A머리를 몸보다 낮게 한다(트렌델렌버그)
2. B목을 앞으로 구부린 채 똑바로 앉는다
3. C목을 곧게 하고 머리를 약 30° 올린다
4. D머리를 한쪽으로 크게 돌린 채 평평하게 눕는다

What happens in multiple sclerosis?

1. AAntibodies block signals at the junction between nerve and muscle
2. BA virus destroys the nerves in the arms and legs
3. CMotor nerve cells slowly die without any inflammation
4. DThe immune system damages myelin in the brain and spinal cord

The day after a thyroidectomy, a patient reports tingling around the mouth and in the fingers. Why might this happen?

1. AThe patient is breathing too slowly after the operation
2. BThe anaesthetic has caused an allergic reaction
3. CThe thyroid hormone level has risen too high after surgery
4. DThe parathyroid glands may have been damaged, lowering calcium

A patient on peritoneal dialysis has gained weight and has higher glucose levels. Which part of the treatment is the likely cause?

1. AProtein lost into the dialysis fluid
2. BGlucose absorbed from the dialysis fluid
3. CSodium lost into the dialysis fluid
4. DAir entering the abdomen during exchanges

Why is nimodipine given to patients after a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

1. ATo reduce brain injury from delayed vasospasm
2. BTo dissolve the blood clot around the aneurysm
3. CTo stop seizures in the first few days
4. DTo raise the blood pressure and improve perfusion

A patient with type 1 diabetes is vomiting at home. Their glucose is 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL), and blood ketones are 3.5 mmol/L. What advice is correct?

1. AWait until the glucose is above 20 mmol/L (360 mg/dL)
2. BStop insulin until the vomiting has settled
3. CSeek urgent hospital assessment for possible DKA
4. DDrink less fluid to stop the vomiting

고령 남성이 10시간 동안 소변을 보지 못했고 아랫배 통증이 있으며 방광 스캔은 1100 mL입니다. 크레아티닌이 올랐습니다. 가장 가능성 높은 원인과 조치는?

1. A탈수. 수액을 일시 투여하고 내일 크레아티닌을 다시 확인한다
2. B요폐. 처방에 따라 도뇨하고 많은 이뇨가 있는지 관찰한다
3. C조영제 신병증. 오늘 응급 혈액투석을 준비한다
4. D요붕증. 데스모프레신을 주고 수분을 제한한다