정답이 있는 내외과: 신경계, 내분비계, 신장 학습지

What is the usual first-line treatment for stress urinary incontinence in women?

1. ASurgery straight away
2. BA permanent urinary catheter
3. CRestricting fluids to half a litre a day
4. DPelvic floor muscle training

Why do patients with chronic kidney disease often develop bone disease?

1. APatients usually drink too much milk
2. BThe kidneys cannot activate vitamin D or clear phosphate
3. CThe kidneys release too much calcium into the bones
4. DThe bones are attacked by antibodies made in the kidneys

Why can a new arteriovenous fistula not be used straight away?

1. AThe artery must first grow back to its full size
2. BThe vein needs weeks to enlarge and thicken
3. CThe stitches must be removed first
4. DThe arm must be in plaster for a month

HHS가 아니라 DKA를 가장 잘 뒷받침하는 결과 조합은?

1. A정상 pH에서 30 mmol/L 초과의 혈당
2. B혈중 케톤은 미량이고 삼투압이 매우 높음
3. C정상 케톤과 정상 중탄산염
4. D높은 케톤, pH 7.3 미만, 낮은 중탄산염

A patient with type 1 diabetes has gastroenteritis and cannot eat. Which sick-day advice is correct?

1. AAvoid drinking fluids to reduce the vomiting
2. BCheck glucose once a day only and rest in bed until better
3. CStop all insulin until normal eating restarts
4. DKeep taking basal insulin and check glucose and ketones more often

A stroke patient with dysphagia has been started on a modified diet. Which action best reduces the risk of aspiration?

1. ALay the patient flat straight after meals so they can rest and digest
2. BGive fluids through a straw so they flow more slowly
3. CSit the patient fully upright for meals and for a while afterwards
4. DFeed quickly so the patient does not tire during the meal

A kidney transplant recipient has had vomiting and diarrhoea for two days. Why should the transplant team be contacted?

1. AThe patient may not be absorbing their immunosuppressants
2. BThe kidney will start to produce far too much urine
3. CThe tablets will make the vomiting stop
4. DVomiting proves that rejection has already happened

Two days after surgery, an 80-year-old woman is quiet, sleepy, slow to answer and eating little. Her daughter says she is "not herself". What should the nurse suspect?

1. AHypoactive delirium
2. BSimple low mood about being in hospital
3. CThe start of Alzheimer's disease
4. DNormal tiredness after an operation