정답이 있는 내외과: 신경계, 내분비계, 신장 학습지

혈액투석 동정맥루가 있는 팔에서 피해야 할 행동은?

1. A비누와 물로 씻기
2. B진동(thrill)을 확인하려고 동정맥루를 부드럽게 만져 보기
3. C팔을 평소처럼 움직이기
4. D혈압 측정 커프나 채혈

뇌졸중이 의심되는 모든 환자에게 초기에 해야 하며, 결과가 비정상이면 뇌졸중처럼 보일 수 있는 간단한 검사는?

1. A최대 호기 유속
2. B시력표
3. C소변 시험지 검사
4. D모세혈관 혈당

How do sulfonylureas such as gliclazide lower blood glucose?

1. AThey replace insulin that the body lacks
2. BThey make the pancreas release more insulin
3. CThey slow down the absorption of food
4. DThey make the kidneys pass more glucose

Why is levodopa combined with carbidopa (or benserazide)?

1. ATo prevent tolerance from developing to levodopa over time
2. BTo make levodopa cross into the brain more slowly and evenly
3. CTo stop levodopa being converted to dopamine outside the brain
4. DTo add a separate effect that reduces the resting tremor directly

Which CSF result is most typical of bacterial meningitis?

1. ABlood-stained fluid that clears in later tubes
2. BClear fluid with normal cells, glucose and protein
3. CCloudy fluid, many neutrophils, low glucose and high protein
4. DClear fluid, many lymphocytes, normal glucose and slightly raised protein

A patient with atrial fibrillation has had an ischaemic stroke. Which long-term medicine type most reduces the risk of another stroke?

1. AA proton pump inhibitor
2. BA loop diuretic
3. CA beta-agonist inhaler
4. DAn oral anticoagulant

A patient has had a high sodium of 160 mmol/L for several days. Why must it be corrected slowly?

1. ARapid correction can cause brain swelling
2. BRapid correction raises the blood glucose
3. CThe sodium will rise again if corrected quickly
4. DRapid correction causes kidney stones

Why may nitrofurantoin be avoided in an older patient with significantly reduced kidney function?

1. AIt works less well and is more likely to be toxic
2. BIt cannot be taken with food in kidney disease
3. CIt turns the urine red in kidney disease
4. DIt cures kidney disease too quickly