1.Prioritetų nustatymas ir delegavimasVidutinis
Kurį pacientą slaugytojas gali saugiai pamatyti paskutinį?
- APacientą su staigiu stipriu galvos skausmu
- BPacientą praėjus dviem valandoms po operacijos, kurio širdies susitraukimų dažnis didėja nuo 88 iki 118/min
- CPacientą, sergantį LOPL, gaunantį 1 L/min deguonies, SpO₂ 90 % (tikslas 88–92 %), kalbantį pilnais sakiniais
- DPacientą su naujais karkalais ir rausvais, putotais skrepliais
2.Prioritetų nustatymas ir delegavimasSunkus
A patient with a severe asthma attack had a PaCO₂ of 32 mmHg (4,3 kPa) on arrival. An hour later it is 46 mmHg (6,1 kPa), and the patient seems tired. What does this suggest?
- AA laboratory error that should be ignored
- BRespiratory muscle fatigue with possible impending respiratory failure
- CThe patient is hyperventilating even more than before and needs calming
- DThe asthma is improving, because the PaCO₂ is now near normal
3.Infekcijų kontrolė ir pacientų saugaVidutinis
A confused patient keeps pulling at an IV line. Which is a less restrictive option to consider before wrist restraints?
- AGiving a sedative every few hours
- BTying both arms to the bed frame
- CUsing a vest restraint in the chair so that the patient’s hands stay down
- DCovering the site with a sleeve or using hand mitts with supervision
4.Infekcijų kontrolė ir pacientų saugaSunkus
A patient rescued from a house fire has a headache and confusion, but the pulse oximeter reads 99%. Why might this reading be misleading?
- APulse oximetry cannot tell carbon monoxide-bound hemoglobin from oxygen-bound hemoglobin
- BConfusion and headache make pulse oximetry readings inaccurate in every patient
- CThe reading is accurate, so carbon monoxide poisoning is ruled out
- DPulse oximeters always read falsely low after any kind of smoke exposure
5.Laboratorinės reikšmės ir elektrolitaiVidutinis
A patient with joint aches has a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test. Which statement is correct?
- AA positive ANA means the patient has a viral infection
- BA positive ANA proves the patient has rheumatoid arthritis
- CA positive ANA supports lupus but does not diagnose it alone
- DA positive ANA rules out all other autoimmune diseases
6.Laboratorinės reikšmės ir elektrolitaiSunkus
A patient has a positive hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) test. What is the most appropriate next step?
- ARepeat the antibody test, as a positive test is always false
- BGive hepatitis C vaccine to prevent further infection
- CTest for HCV RNA to find out whether infection is current
- DTell the patient they definitely have chronic hepatitis C
7.Klinikinė slaugaVidutinis
A patient without diabetes is started on high-dose prednisolone. Why might capillary blood glucose be monitored?
- ASteroids destroy the pancreas
- BSteroids can raise the blood glucose
- CSteroids make glucose meters inaccurate
- DSteroids always cause hypoglycaemia
8.Klinikinė slaugaSunkus
A potassium result of 6,9 mmol/L comes back on a well patient with a normal ECG, and the laboratory reports that the sample was haemolysed. What is the best action?
- AGive IV insulin and glucose straight away
- BStart a potassium supplement
- CIgnore the result because the patient looks well and the ECG is normal
- DRepeat the blood test promptly, as haemolysis can falsely raise potassium
9.Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemosVidutinis
Pacientui dėl GVT pradedamas skirti varfarinas. Kodėl pirmąsias kelias dienas kartu skiriamas ir heparinas ar MMH?
- AHeparinas saugo nuo kraujavimo dėl varfarino
- BAbu vaistai visada turi būti tęsiami kartu visą gyvenimą
- CHeparinas pagerina varfarino įsisavinimą
- DVarfarinui reikia kelių dienų, kad pasiektų visą poveikį
10.Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemosSunkus
Twelve hours after a coronary stent, a patient has sudden severe chest pain again with new ST elevation in the same leads. What is the most likely cause?
- AAcute stent thrombosis
- BNormal pain from the procedure site
- CIndigestion from the hospital meal
- DPericarditis from the catheter
11.Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: nervų, endokrininė ir inkstų sistemosVidutinis
A patient with gout has recurrent uric acid kidney stones. Which treatment helps prevent them?
- AAllopurinol and making the urine less acidic
- BRestricting fluids in the evening only
- CVitamin C supplements and a high-meat diet
- DCalcium tablets and a low-fluid diet
12.Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: nervų, endokrininė ir inkstų sistemosSunkus
A nurse teaches a patient with CKD and a high potassium about diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
- A"I will use a salt substitute instead of ordinary salt."
- B"I will keep bananas and dried fruit to a minimum."
- C"I will check food labels for added salt when I go shopping."
- D"I will boil my potatoes and throw away the water."
13.Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: virškinimo trakto, perioperacinė ir onkologinėVidutinis
Which statement about corticosteroids in inflammatory bowel disease is correct?
- AThey are the best long-term maintenance treatment
- BThey are used to induce remission, not for maintenance
- CThey cure the disease after one course
- DThey are given only as a one-off injection
14.Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: virškinimo trakto, perioperacinė ir onkologinėSunkus
A colleague suggests giving a saline injection to see whether a patient's pain is "real". What is the best response?
- AIt is acceptable if a senior nurse gives the saline
- BIt is a good idea, as long as the patient is not told about it afterwards
- CIt should be done only for patients with chronic pain
- DDeceptive placebos are unethical and do not show pain is "fake"