Užduočių lapas tema Laboratorinės reikšmės ir elektrolitai su atsakymais

Why is AST less specific for liver damage than ALT?

1. AAST is also found in heart and skeletal muscle
2. BAST is not measured in the blood at all
3. CAST is made by the bone marrow, not the liver
4. DAST is found only in the kidney tubules

How does active vitamin D (calcitriol) affect calcium?

1. AIt increases calcium loss in the urine
2. BIt increases calcium absorption from the gut
3. CIt moves calcium out of the blood into cells
4. DIt blocks calcium absorption from the gut

Which statement about HDL cholesterol is correct?

1. AIt should ideally be kept below 40 mg/dL (1,0 mmol/L)
2. BHigher levels are the main cause of plaque in the arteries
3. CHigher levels are linked to a lower risk of heart disease
4. DIt is the same as the fasting triglyceride level

Which instruction is correct for a patient starting oral iron tablets?

1. AYour urine will turn bright orange while you take it
2. BTake each tablet with milk to protect the stomach
3. CTake the tablet with an antacid to improve absorption
4. DYour stools may turn dark green or black

A test has very high sensitivity for a disease. What does a negative result mean?

1. AThe patient must have a different disease instead
2. BThe disease is certain, so treatment should begin
3. CThe disease is unlikely, so it helps rule it out
4. DThe result cannot be used, because sensitivity is high

When should the nurse check the glucose before giving a mealtime dose of rapid-acting insulin (such as lispro)?

1. AAt bedtime only, then giving the mealtime insulin overnight
2. BJust before the meal, giving insulin when the food is ready
3. COnly once a day, then giving the same dose before every meal
4. DTwo hours after the meal, then giving the insulin dose

A patient has marked generalized edema. Results show heavy proteinuria, serum albumin 1,8 g/dL (18 g/L) and total cholesterol 340 mg/dL (8,8 mmol/L). Which condition fits best?

1. ALiver cirrhosis only
2. BAcute pyelonephritis
3. CPrerenal kidney injury
4. DNephrotic syndrome

A patient with cirrhosis and ascites has fever and abdominal tenderness. The ascitic fluid neutrophil count is 400 cells/mm³. What does this indicate?

1. ANormal ascitic fluid in cirrhosis
2. BSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis
3. CBleeding into the abdominal cavity
4. DMalignant ascites from cancer