Užduočių lapas tema Laboratorinės reikšmės ir elektrolitai su atsakymais

Using American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria, a fasting plasma glucose of 100–125 mg/dL (5,6–6,9 mmol/L) is classed as:

1. ANormal fasting glucose for an adult
2. BMild hypoglycemia (low glucose)
3. CPrediabetes (impaired fasting glucose)
4. DType 1 diabetes mellitus

Kuris radinys būdingas dideliam magnio kiekiui serume?

1. APadidėję refleksai ir raumenų trūkčiojimas
2. BStiprus noras gerti vandens
3. CSusilpnėję ar nesantys giliųjų sausgyslių refleksai
4. DRiešo spazmas užtraukus manžetę

Kada imama vankomicino slenkstinė (trough) koncentracija?

1. AIškart pasibaigus infuzijai
2. BPrieš pat kitą dozę, paprastai per 30 minučių iki jos
3. CPraėjus dviem valandoms nuo infuzijos pradžios
4. DBet kuriuo patogiu paros metu, nepriklausomai nuo dozės laiko

A patient had a total thyroidectomy yesterday. Which laboratory value is most important to monitor in the first days after surgery?

1. ASerum glucose
2. BSerum calcium
3. CSerum potassium
4. DSerum sodium

When blood is drawn from a central venous catheter, why is a small volume of blood usually discarded first, according to policy?

1. ATo avoid diluting the sample with flush or infusion fluid
2. BTo lower the patient's hemoglobin for a blood transfusion
3. CTo check that the catheter tip is still in the right vein
4. DTo remove blood clots that form in all central lines

After surgery for colon cancer, a patient's CEA had fallen to normal, but it has been rising over the last two checks. What does this most likely suggest?

1. AA sign of iron deficiency from the earlier bleeding
2. BA sure sign that the cancer has been fully cured
3. CPossible recurrence that needs further assessment
4. DA normal change after surgery that needs no follow-up

A patient with a serum albumin of 1,9 g/dL (19 g/L) has signs of phenytoin toxicity, although the total phenytoin level is in the usual range. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ALow albumin raises the free (active) fraction of phenytoin
2. BLow albumin makes the liver clear phenytoin much faster
3. CLow albumin stops phenytoin from crossing into the brain
4. DLow albumin makes the total level falsely high in all cases

A frail older adult in a nursing home has been drinking very little during a heat wave. She is confused, and her sodium is 158 mEq/L. Which treatment would the nurse expect?

1. AGradual replacement of free water over many hours
2. BA loop diuretic to remove the extra sodium quickly
3. CStrict fluid restriction to below 800 mL a day
4. DRapid infusion of 3% saline to raise the volume