Užduočių lapas tema Laboratorinės reikšmės ir elektrolitai su atsakymais

Which laboratory test is traditionally used to adjust a continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin?

1. AActivated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
2. BErythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
3. CInternational normalized ratio (INR)
4. DPlatelet function assay (PFA-100 test)

A urine dipstick is positive for leukocyte esterase. What does this show?

1. ABilirubin is being passed in the urine
2. BRed blood cells are present in the urine
3. CWhite blood cells are present in the urine
4. DProtein is leaking through the glomeruli

Koks būdingas suaugusiojo bendrojo kalcio koncentracijos serume atskaitos intervalas?

1. AMaždaug 3,5–5,0 mg/dL (0,87–1,25 mmol/L)
2. BMaždaug 8,5–10,5 mg/dL (2,1–2,6 mmol/L)
3. CMaždaug 12–16 mg/dL (3,0–4,0 mmol/L)
4. DMaždaug 1,3–2,1 mg/dL (0,3–0,5 mmol/L)

Pacientui, gaunančiam heparino infuziją, aPTT yra 110 sekundžių; protokolo tikslas – 1,5–2,5 karto didesnis už kontrolę, kuri 30 sekundžių. Ką turėtų daryti slaugytojas?

1. ATęsti nekeičiant ir pakartoti aPTT kitą rytą
2. BLaikytis heparino protokolo, patikrinti, ar nėra kraujavimo, ir informuoti gydytoją
3. CDuoti paskirto vitamino K ir tęsti infuziją
4. DPadidinti infuzijos greitį, nes rezultatas viršija tikslinį intervalą

A patient with diabetes is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 38 mg/dL (2,1 mmol/L). Which treatment is appropriate?

1. AGlucagon by injection, or IV dextrose as prescribed
2. BOrange juice poured slowly into the patient's mouth
3. CA dose of rapid-acting insulin to stabilize the glucose
4. DGlucose tablets placed between the patient's teeth

Why is a baseline platelet count taken before starting heparin therapy?

1. ABecause heparin increases the platelet count to dangerous levels
2. BSo that the INR can be calculated from the platelet count later
3. CBecause heparin is given at a dose based on the platelet count
4. DSo a later fall from heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is detected

A patient has painless jaundice, itching, dark urine and pale stools. ALP is markedly raised, conjugated (direct) bilirubin is high and ALT is only mildly raised. What is the most likely cause?

1. ABlockage of bile flow, for example by a tumor in the bile duct
2. BAcute viral hepatitis with widespread liver cell damage
3. CIncreased breakdown of red blood cells (hemolytic anemia)
4. DGilbert syndrome, a harmless inherited bilirubin disorder

After a crush injury, a patient's urine dipstick is strongly positive for blood, but microscopy shows almost no red cells. CK is very high. What best explains this?

1. AThe sample was contaminated with menstrual blood
2. BBleeding is coming from the bladder lining
3. CA kidney stone is scraping the ureter lining
4. DMyoglobin from damaged muscle is in the urine