Užduočių lapas tema Laboratorinės reikšmės ir elektrolitai su atsakymais

Koks būdingas suaugusiojo natrio koncentracijos serume atskaitos intervalas?

1. A95–105 mEq/L
2. B3,5–5,0 mEq/L
3. C150–165 mEq/L
4. D135–145 mEq/L

What does the red cell distribution width (RDW) describe?

1. AHow much the red cells vary in size
2. BHow long red cells survive in the blood
3. CHow fast the red cells settle in a tube
4. DHow many red cells are young cells

Why is serum creatinine a better marker of kidney function than BUN?

1. AIt is not filtered by the kidneys, so its level stays very stable
2. BIt is affected mainly by protein intake, which is easy to control
3. CIt is made by the liver, so it rises in every kind of illness
4. DIt is less affected by diet, hydration and bleeding in the gut

How should a patient collect a clean-catch midstream urine sample?

1. AClean the area, start voiding into the toilet, then catch the middle part
2. BCollect the very first urine of the stream directly in the sterile cup
3. CFill the cup completely, then add tap water if there is not enough
4. DCollect urine from the toilet bowl after voiding into the toilet

In countries that screen all pregnant women (such as the US), a vaginal-rectal swab is taken at about 36–37 weeks. Which organism is it screening for?

1. AHepatitis B virus
2. BStaphylococcus aureus
3. CCandida albicans
4. DGroup B Streptococcus

How does the nurse start a 24-hour urine collection at 08:00?

1. AHave the patient void and discard that urine, then save all urine until 08:00 the next day
2. BSave the 08:00 urine as the first sample, then collect until 08:00 the next day
3. CCollect only the first urine passed on waking, and repeat this the next morning
4. DSave three samples spread across the day and discard all of the urine passed at night

Weeks after neck surgery, a patient has muscle cramps and tingling. Calcium is low, phosphate is high and parathyroid hormone (PTH) is low. Which condition fits best?

1. AChronic kidney disease
2. BVitamin D toxicity
3. CHypoparathyroidism
4. DPrimary hyperparathyroidism

Digoksiną vartojančio paciento koncentracija yra 1,2 ng/mL, kalis 2,8 mEq/L, atsirado nauji dažni skilvelių ekstrasistoliniai plakimai. Koks geriausias aiškinimas?

1. AKalis neturi įtakos širdies ritmui
2. BGalimas toksiškumas, nes mažas kalis stiprina digoksino poveikį
3. CDigoksinas negali būti priežastis, nes koncentracija yra įprastose ribose
4. DRitmui kontroliuoti pacientui reikia didesnės digoksino dozės