Užduočių lapas tema Laboratorinės reikšmės ir elektrolitai su atsakymais

Which blood group is the universal donor for red blood cells in an emergency?

1. AGroup B, Rh positive
2. BGroup O, Rh negative
3. CGroup AB, Rh positive
4. DGroup A, Rh negative

Ką daugiausia rodo teigiamas ketonų testas kraujyje ar šlapime?

1. AInkstai praleidžia baltymus į šlapimą
2. BKepenys gamina per daug bilirubino
3. CPacientui yra šlapimo takų infekcija
4. DOrganizmas skaido riebalus kaip kurą, pavyzdžiui, esant insulino trūkumui ar badaujant

What is the typical range of urine pH?

1. AAbout 4,5–8,0
2. BAbout 7,35–7,45
3. CAbout 1,0–2,0
4. DAbout 9,0–11,0

A patient with a potassium of 2,8 mEq/L has potassium chloride prescribed IV. Which statement about giving it is correct?

1. AIt may be given as a slow IV push over one minute if the level is very low
2. BIt is given as an undiluted bolus into a large vein to avoid irritation
3. CIt is always diluted and given by infusion pump, never as an IV push
4. DIt is added to the IV bag without mixing, so it stays at the bottom

A patient has macrocytic anemia with numbness and tingling of the feet and poor balance. Which deficiency is most likely?

1. AFolate (folic acid)
2. BVitamin B₁₂
3. CVitamin C (ascorbic acid)
4. DIron (low ferritin)

A patient on a heparin infusion has blood in the urine and an aPTT far above the target. The nurse stops the infusion and informs the provider. Which antidote should the nurse anticipate?

1. AVitamin K (phytonadione)
2. BNaloxone
3. CCalcium gluconate
4. DProtamine sulfate

A patient with severe sepsis is oozing blood from IV sites. Platelets 40 × 10³/µL, fibrinogen low, D-dimer very high, PT and aPTT both prolonged. Which condition fits best?

1. AImmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
2. BHemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency)
3. CHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
4. DDisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

A patient with a heart murmur and fever has three sets of blood cultures, taken hours apart, all growing the same Streptococcus species. What does this suggest?

1. AA normal finding in patients with heart murmurs
2. BContamination of all three samples during collection
3. CA urinary tract infection that has spread to the skin
4. DPersistent bacteremia, as in infective endocarditis