Užduočių lapas tema Laboratorinės reikšmės ir elektrolitai su atsakymais

What does a raised D-dimer level show?

1. AThe platelet count is too low to stop bleeding
2. BFibrin clots are being formed and broken down in the body
3. CThe liver is no longer able to make clotting factors
4. DThe patient is taking too much warfarin

Why is AST less specific for liver damage than ALT?

1. AAST is not measured in the blood at all
2. BAST is found only in the kidney tubules
3. CAST is made by the bone marrow, not the liver
4. DAST is also found in heart and skeletal muscle

What is a typical reference range for the reticulocyte count in an adult?

1. AAbout 10–20% of red cells
2. BAbout 0,01–0,05% of red cells
3. CAbout 40–50% of red cells
4. DAbout 0,5–2% of red cells

A patient with hepatic encephalopathy is receiving lactulose. Which finding best shows that the treatment is effective?

1. ASix to eight watery stools a day with dizziness
2. BA rising serum ammonia with a slower flapping tremor
3. CTwo to three soft stools a day and clearer thinking
4. DNo bowel movement for 2 days and calm sleep

A patient with central diabetes insipidus starts desmopressin. Which laboratory result is most important to monitor for an adverse effect?

1. ASerum glucose, which may rise very high
2. BSerum potassium, which may rise too high
3. CSerum calcium, which may rise too high
4. DSerum sodium, which may fall too low

A patient with diabetes is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 38 mg/dL (2,1 mmol/L). Which treatment is appropriate?

1. AOrange juice poured slowly into the patient's mouth
2. BGlucagon by injection, or IV dextrose as prescribed
3. CGlucose tablets placed between the patient's teeth
4. DA dose of rapid-acting insulin to stabilize the glucose

A patient on IV gentamicin has a trough level above the target, and the creatinine has risen since yesterday. The next dose is due. What is the best action?

1. AGive half of the dose and document the reason for it
2. BGive the dose now and recheck the levels next week
3. CGive the dose with extra oral fluids to protect the kidneys
4. DHold the dose and report the results to the prescriber

A child with sickle cell disease and a recent viral illness is pale and tired. The hemoglobin has fallen sharply, and the reticulocyte count is very low. What is the most likely problem?

1. AAn aplastic crisis, often caused by parvovirus B19
2. BIron deficiency from a poor diet over months
3. CA normal finding in sickle cell disease
4. DA vaso-occlusive pain crisis in the bones