Užduočių lapas tema Laboratorinės reikšmės ir elektrolitai su atsakymais

What is the typical range of urine pH?

1. AAbout 1,0–2,0
2. BAbout 9,0–11,0
3. CAbout 7,35–7,45
4. DAbout 4,5–8,0

On urinalysis, dark amber urine with a high specific gravity most often suggests:

1. AConcentrated urine from low fluid intake
2. BVery dilute urine from high fluid intake
3. CUrine with a large amount of glucose
4. DNormal urine after drinking extra water

Which substance contributes most to normal serum osmolality?

1. AGlucose in plasma
2. BUrea (from BUN)
3. CSodium and its anions
4. DPlasma albumin

A woman who is 30 weeks pregnant has a new blood pressure of 152/98 mm Hg. Which urine finding would most support preeclampsia?

1. AProtein in the urine
2. BKetones in the urine
3. CGlucose in the urine
4. DNitrites in the urine

A patient has macrocytic anemia with numbness and tingling of the feet and poor balance. Which deficiency is most likely?

1. AVitamin C (ascorbic acid)
2. BIron (low ferritin)
3. CVitamin B₁₂
4. DFolate (folic acid)

A patient with sepsis has a lactate of 2,1 mmol/L on admission and 4,3 mmol/L two hours later, despite IV fluids. What does this suggest?

1. AWorsening tissue perfusion that needs urgent reporting
2. BA normal response to IV fluids in the first hours
3. CImproving circulation as the fluids start to work
4. DExpected muscle activity from shivering in fever

A patient with kidney stones and fatigue has a calcium of 11,6 mg/dL (2,9 mmol/L), a high parathyroid hormone (PTH) and a low phosphate. Which condition is most likely?

1. ACancer-related hypercalcemia
2. BVitamin D deficiency
3. CHypoparathyroidism
4. DPrimary hyperparathyroidism

A patient has eaten very little for 2 weeks and has received broad-spectrum antibiotics. The INR is now 2,3 without warfarin, and the platelets are normal. What is the most likely cause?

1. AIron-deficiency anemia
2. BVitamin K deficiency
3. CHemophilia A
4. DImmune thrombocytopenia