Užduočių lapas tema Laboratorinės reikšmės ir elektrolitai su atsakymais

What does a raised D-dimer level show?

1. AThe platelet count is too low to stop bleeding
2. BFibrin clots are being formed and broken down in the body
3. CThe patient is taking too much warfarin
4. DThe liver is no longer able to make clotting factors

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

1. ASerum is what is left after blood clots, minus clotting factors
2. BPlasma is the fluid left after blood clots, without fibrinogen
3. CSerum and plasma are two names for exactly the same fluid
4. DSerum contains all the red cells, while plasma contains none

Which body system shows the main symptoms of a low serum sodium?

1. AThe skeleton
2. BThe skin and hair
3. CThe eyes only
4. DThe nervous system

A healthy patient's result is slightly outside the laboratory reference range, and all other results are normal. Which statement best explains why this can happen?

1. AReference ranges include every healthy person without exception
2. BAny result outside the range always means disease is present
3. CReference ranges are the same in every laboratory worldwide
4. DRanges cover about 95% of healthy people, so some fall outside

A breathless patient in the emergency department has a BNP below 100 pg/mL. What does this suggest?

1. AThe kidneys are failing and the patient needs dialysis
2. BHeart failure is an unlikely cause of the breathlessness
3. CThe patient has had a myocardial infarction in the past day
4. DSevere heart failure is certainly the cause of the problem

Which finding during a transfusion suggests transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)?

1. ABack pain with dark red urine output
2. BHives and itching without other signs
3. CA low temperature and slow heart rate
4. DCrackles, hypertension and a raised BNP

Paguldomas pacientas, kurio natris 132 mEq/L, o gliukozė kraujyje 600 mg/dL (33,3 mmol/L). Kodėl natrio reikšmė aiškinama atsargiai?

1. ANatrio rezultatas turi būti laboratorijos klaida
2. BDidelė gliukozė klaidingai padidina išmatuotą natrį, todėl iš tikrųjų jis mažesnis
3. CGliukozė neturi įtakos išmatuotam natriui
4. DDidelė gliukozė pritraukia vandenį į kraują ir praskiedžia natrį

Weeks after neck surgery, a patient has muscle cramps and tingling. Calcium is low, phosphate is high and parathyroid hormone (PTH) is low. Which condition fits best?

1. APrimary hyperparathyroidism
2. BChronic kidney disease
3. CHypoparathyroidism
4. DVitamin D toxicity