Užduočių lapas tema Laboratorinės reikšmės ir elektrolitai su atsakymais

In the US (NCEP ATP III) classification, which total cholesterol level is called desirable for an adult?

1. ABetween 250 and 300 mg/dL (6,5–7,8 mmol/L)
2. BAbove 240 mg/dL (6,2 mmol/L)
3. CBelow 200 mg/dL (5,2 mmol/L)
4. DBelow 300 mg/dL (7,8 mmol/L)

Which sample is commonly used to screen a patient for MRSA carriage on admission?

1. AA blood culture from one arm
2. BA sample of stool sent for culture
3. CA swab from the front of the nose
4. DA clean-catch midstream urine sample

Which form of bilirubin rises mainly when red cells are broken down faster than normal?

1. AUnconjugated (indirect)
2. BUrine bilirubin
3. CConjugated (direct)
4. DStool bilirubin

Why must vitamin B₁₂ deficiency be ruled out before treating macrocytic anemia with folic acid alone?

1. AFolic acid causes iron overload when B₁₂ levels are low
2. BFolic acid blocks the absorption of all B₁₂ from the diet
3. CFolic acid can fix the anemia while B₁₂-related nerve damage continues
4. DFolic acid makes B₁₂ deficiency anemia much worse within a few days

A trauma patient receives 2 L of IV crystalloid. The hemoglobin falls from 13,0 to 11,4 g/dL (130 to 114 g/L), and the vital signs are now stable. Which explanation is most likely?

1. ADilution of the blood by the IV fluid
2. BA sudden failure of the bone marrow
3. CIncreased red cell production
4. DA laboratory error in the first sample

An older adult with chronic kidney disease starts trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for a urinary tract infection. Which electrolyte should be monitored closely?

1. ACalcium, because the drug binds calcium in the gut
2. BSodium, because the drug causes heavy sodium retention
3. CChloride, because the drug causes chloride loss
4. DPotassium, because trimethoprim can raise it

A frail older adult in a nursing home has been drinking very little during a heat wave. She is confused, and her sodium is 158 mEq/L. Which treatment would the nurse expect?

1. AGradual replacement of free water over many hours
2. BRapid infusion of 3% saline to raise the volume
3. CA loop diuretic to remove the extra sodium quickly
4. DStrict fluid restriction to below 800 mL a day

A patient in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state has a glucose of 1,050 mg/dL (58 mmol/L), very dry mucous membranes and a fast pulse. Which treatment is usually the first priority?

1. AStrict fluid restriction
2. BLarge-volume IV fluid replacement
3. CAn IV bolus of sodium bicarbonate
4. DOral glucose-lowering tablets