Užduočių lapas tema Laboratorinės reikšmės ir elektrolitai su atsakymais

The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is used mainly in relation to which organ?

1. APancreas
2. BProstate gland
3. CThyroid gland
4. DPituitary gland

Which findings are typical of a low serum magnesium?

1. AJaundice, itching and pale stools
2. BTremor, hyperreflexia and cardiac arrhythmias
3. CLoss of reflexes, flushing and slow breathing
4. DPolyuria, extreme thirst and pale urine

A urine dipstick is positive for leukocyte esterase. What does this show?

1. ARed blood cells are present in the urine
2. BWhite blood cells are present in the urine
3. CBilirubin is being passed in the urine
4. DProtein is leaking through the glomeruli

A breathless patient in the emergency department has a BNP below 100 pg/mL. What does this suggest?

1. AHeart failure is an unlikely cause of the breathlessness
2. BSevere heart failure is certainly the cause of the problem
3. CThe patient has had a myocardial infarction in the past day
4. DThe kidneys are failing and the patient needs dialysis

How should a patient collect a clean-catch midstream urine sample?

1. AClean the area, start voiding into the toilet, then catch the middle part
2. BFill the cup completely, then add tap water if there is not enough
3. CCollect urine from the toilet bowl after voiding into the toilet
4. DCollect the very first urine of the stream directly in the sterile cup

A patient taking spironolactone asks about using a salt substitute. What should the nurse explain?

1. ASalt substitutes are safe because they contain only sodium chloride
2. BSalt substitutes are fine as long as the patient drinks more water
3. CMost salt substitutes contain potassium and can raise the level too high
4. DSalt substitutes protect against the potassium loss caused by this drug

A patient with a stable INR on warfarin starts rifampin (rifampicin) for tuberculosis. Two weeks later the INR is 1,3. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ARifampin speeds up warfarin metabolism
2. BRifampin contains a lot of vitamin K
3. CTuberculosis causes the INR to fall
4. DRifampin raises the INR, so it is wrong

At the start of a shift, the nurse reviews four new results. Which patient needs attention first?

1. APotassium 5,2 mEq/L in a patient with stable chronic kidney disease
2. BGlucose 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L) after a meal in a patient with diabetes
3. CSodium 119 mEq/L in a patient with new confusion and vomiting
4. DHemoglobin 11,0 g/dL (110 g/L) in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis