Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

Which structure is the heart's natural pacemaker?

1. AThe sinoatrial (SA) node
2. BThe atrioventricular (AV) node
3. CThe bundle of His
4. DThe Purkinje fibres

What is the normal range for arterial PaCO₂?

1. AAbout 10–13 kPa (75–100 mmHg)
2. BAbout 1,0–2,0 kPa (8–15 mmHg)
3. CAbout 8,0–9,0 kPa (60–68 mmHg)
4. DAbout 4,7–6,0 kPa (35–45 mmHg)

What is haemoptysis?

1. ABleeding from the nose that runs into the throat
2. BBlood in the urine
3. CVomiting blood that comes from the stomach
4. DCoughing up blood from the lungs or airways

A patient's blood pressure is high in clinic but normal on home readings. Which step best confirms the diagnosis?

1. AA single repeat reading in the same clinic visit
2. BAmbulatory or structured home blood pressure monitoring
3. CStarting two antihypertensive drugs at once at full dose
4. DA chest X-ray

Why is a higher level of HDL cholesterol considered protective?

1. AHDL lowers the blood pressure directly
2. BHDL is converted into vitamin D in the walls of the arteries
3. CHDL thins the blood in the same way as an anticoagulant
4. DHDL carries cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver

A patient with diabetes is starting a beta-blocker. What should the nurse teach about hypoglycaemia?

1. AThe beta-blocker will prevent all episodes of hypoglycaemia
2. BInsulin should be stopped while taking a beta-blocker
3. CSome warning signs, such as a fast heartbeat, may be masked
4. DHypoglycaemia will always cause a very slow and weak pulse

On a ventilated patient, the end-tidal CO₂ waveform suddenly drops to zero. What should the nurse suspect first?

1. AA rise in the patient's body temperature over the last hour
2. BA sudden improvement in the patient's lung function
3. CNormal variation that needs no action
4. DTube displacement, disconnection or obstruction

A patient with severe COPD has increasing ankle oedema and a raised JVP, but no crackles and a normal left ventricle on echocardiography. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAortic stenosis
2. BLeft ventricular failure
3. CCor pulmonale
4. DDeep vein thrombosis