Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

Kuris radinys būdingas giliųjų venų trombozei kojoje?

1. ARudas odos nusidažymas aplink abi kulkšnis
2. BBlauzdos skausmas einant, praeinantis po kelių poilsio minučių
3. CVienos pusės blauzdos tinimas, šiluma ir jautrumas
4. DAbi pėdos šaltos, išblyškusios ir be pulso

Which three signs make up Beck's triad in cardiac tamponade?

1. AChest pain, ST elevation and raised troponin
2. BLow blood pressure, distended neck veins and muffled heart sounds
3. CHigh blood pressure, a slow pulse and irregular breathing
4. DFever, a new heart murmur and splinter haemorrhages under the nails

Kuris mitybos pokytis labiausiai mažina kraujospūdį?

1. ADaugiau kavos ir mažiau gazuotų gėrimų su pridėtu cukrumi
2. BDaugiau raudonos mėsos ir mažiau duonos
3. CDaugiau vaisių sulčių ir mažiau vandens
4. DMažiau druskos ir daugiau vaisių bei daržovių

How should a patient breathe in when using a pressurised metered-dose inhaler without a spacer?

1. ASlowly and deeply while pressing the canister, then hold the breath
2. BIn short gasps through the nose while pressing the canister
3. CAs hard and fast as possible, then press the canister afterwards
4. DNormally, while breathing out through the mouthpiece

How is orthostatic (postural) hypotension usually assessed?

1. ABP in both arms at the same moment while sitting
2. BBP lying after rest, then again after 1 and 3 minutes standing
3. CBP once sitting, then once lying down straight after a large meal
4. DBP only standing, after a brisk walk along the corridor

Unless fluids are restricted, why are patients with pneumonia encouraged to drink plenty?

1. ATo prevent dehydration and keep secretions thinner
2. BTo lower the temperature by diluting the blood plasma
3. CTo make the cough completely stop
4. DTo flush the bacteria out through the urine

A patient on an unfractionated heparin infusion has a nosebleed that will not stop, and the aPTT is far above the target range. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AIncrease the infusion, as the aPTT will settle
2. BStop the infusion, inform the prescriber and anticipate protamine
3. CContinue the infusion at the same rate and pack the nose firmly
4. DGive vitamin K and continue the infusion at a slightly lower rate

A heavy smoker is having surgery tomorrow and asks whether stopping smoking now is pointless. Which reply is most accurate?

1. AStopping now will make the operation more dangerous
2. BIt is pointless unless they stopped smoking at least a year ago
3. CStopping even today lowers carbon monoxide levels before surgery
4. DSmoking before surgery protects the lungs from the anaesthetic gases