Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

What does a "reliever" inhaler do in asthma?

1. AIt relaxes the airway muscles quickly to ease symptoms
2. BIt thins the mucus over several days
3. CIt reduces the airway inflammation steadily over several weeks
4. DIt kills bacteria in the airways

Where does the trachea divide into the right and left main bronchi?

1. AAt the larynx
2. BAt the carina
3. CAt the alveoli
4. DAt the epiglottis

What defines type 2 respiratory failure?

1. ALow PaO₂ with a normal or low PaCO₂
2. BLow PaO₂ with a raised PaCO₂
3. CNormal PaO₂ with a low PaCO₂
4. DHigh PaO₂ with a high bicarbonate

How do clopidogrel and ticagrelor work?

1. AThey directly inhibit thrombin in the plasma
2. BThey dissolve fibrin in existing clots
3. CThey block the platelet ADP (P2Y₁₂) receptor
4. DThey inhibit the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver

Which advice is most helpful for a patient with Raynaud's phenomenon?

1. ASoak the hands in cold water to toughen the vessels
2. BKeep the whole body warm, wear gloves and stop smoking
3. CTake a decongestant tablet before going outdoors
4. DRub the fingers hard with snow during an attack

After an acute coronary syndrome, a patient with a normal cholesterol level is prescribed a high-intensity statin. Why?

1. AStatins reduce further events whatever the starting cholesterol
2. BStatins work as painkillers for chest pain
3. CStatins are needed only if the cholesterol level is very high
4. DStatins are given after an ACS mainly to lower the blood pressure

A patient receiving noradrenaline (norepinephrine) through a peripheral cannula has pale, cold skin around the site. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop it at that site, inform the team and follow the extravasation policy
2. BContinue the infusion, as this is expected
3. CIncrease the rate so the drug enters the vein faster and leaks less
4. DMassage the area firmly to spread the drug out into the surrounding tissue

A patient with both COPD and heart disease is more breathless, with bilateral basal crackles, raised JVP, ankle swelling and a markedly raised NT-proBNP. Which problem is most likely driving this episode?

1. ADecompensated heart failure
2. BA primary spontaneous pneumothorax
3. CAn asthma attack
4. DHyperventilation from anxiety