Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

Which pain description is typical of an acute aortic dissection?

1. ASudden, severe tearing pain that spreads to the back
2. BDull ache that slowly builds over several days
3. CCramping calf pain that eases with a short rest
4. DBurning pain after meals that eases with antacids

What is the normal range for arterial PaCO₂?

1. AAbout 4,7–6,0 kPa (35–45 mmHg)
2. BAbout 8,0–9,0 kPa (60–68 mmHg)
3. CAbout 1,0–2,0 kPa (8–15 mmHg)
4. DAbout 10–13 kPa (75–100 mmHg)

Ką matuoja didžiausio iškvėpimo srovės matuoklis?

1. ABendrą oro tūrį, kurį gali sutalpinti plaučiai
2. BKiek kartų žmogus kvėpuoja per minutę
3. CGreičiausią oro srautą, kurį žmogus gali iškvėpti
4. DKraujo prisotinimą deguonimi

A patient on ramipril is to start sacubitril/valsartan for heart failure. What is the key safety point?

1. ABoth drugs should be taken together each day for the best effect
2. BThe ACE inhibitor dose should be doubled during the change
3. CThe ACE inhibitor must be stopped first, with a gap before starting
4. DSacubitril/valsartan is safe to start on the same morning

Before the first treatment dose of a low-molecular-weight heparin for a PE, what does the nurse need to make sure of?

1. AAn accurate, recent body weight is recorded
2. BThe patient's blood glucose is above 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL)
3. CThe patient has fasted for 12 hours
4. DA chest drain is in place

Which feature of a COPD exacerbation most suggests that antibiotics are needed?

1. AAn increase in purulent (green or yellow) sputum
2. BA dry, tickly cough with no sputum at all for a day
3. CA mild sore throat that lasted for one day only
4. DA clear runny nose

During a thrombolytic infusion for an MI, the patient develops a sudden severe headache, vomiting and new confusion. What should the nurse do first?

1. ASlow the infusion and give an antiemetic
2. BContinue the infusion, as headache is a common side effect
3. CStop the infusion and call for urgent medical help
4. DGive a second dose to finish the treatment

A patient with COPD who is known to retain CO₂ arrives on 15 L/min oxygen. They are now drowsy with SpO₂ 99%. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AGive a sedative to help the patient rest
2. BRemove the oxygen completely and observe
3. CReduce the oxygen to aim for 88–92% and get a blood gas
4. DKeep the oxygen at 15 L/min because the saturation is excellent