Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

What causes the first heart sound (S1)?

1. AThe heart muscle stretching in diastole
2. BBlood flowing quickly into the atria
3. CClosure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
4. DClosure of the mitral and tricuspid valves

What is the main function of the epiglottis?

1. AIt vibrates to produce the sound of the voice when speaking
2. BIt warms and moistens the air on its way into the lungs
3. CIt covers the entrance to the larynx during swallowing
4. DIt divides the trachea into two bronchi

What happens to the lungs in emphysema?

1. AAlveolar walls are destroyed, reducing the surface for gas exchange
2. BThe bronchi become permanently widened and repeatedly infected
3. CThe airways narrow briefly and fully recover
4. DThe pleural space slowly fills with fluid that compresses the lung

Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?

1. AIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start
2. BIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
3. CIt must be stopped as soon as symptoms improve
4. DIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day

A patient takes both digoxin and furosemide. Why does the nurse watch the potassium level closely?

1. ALow potassium makes digoxin stop working completely
2. BHigh potassium is the main effect of furosemide
3. CPotassium has no link with either medicine
4. DLow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity

A patient on ramipril is to start sacubitril/valsartan for heart failure. What is the key safety point?

1. ASacubitril/valsartan is safe to start on the same morning
2. BThe ACE inhibitor dose should be doubled during the change
3. CThe ACE inhibitor must be stopped first, with a gap before starting
4. DBoth drugs should be taken together each day for the best effect

As the defibrillator charges, a nurse sees a colleague still holding the patient's bed rail. What should the nurse do?

1. ACall clearly for everyone to stand clear and check before the shock
2. BDeliver the shock now, as the bed rail is not part of the patient
3. CAsk the colleague to hold the patient's hand instead
4. DTurn off the defibrillator and start a new cycle of CPR

A patient with heart failure wakes extremely breathless, coughing pink frothy sputum. BP is 168/96 mmHg and SpO₂ 86%. Help has been called. What is the best initial nursing action?

1. AEncourage the patient to walk to ease the breathing
2. BSit the patient upright with the legs down and give oxygen
3. CGive a large IV fluid bolus to support the circulation
4. DLie the patient flat with the legs raised on pillows