Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

Which of these is a modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease?

1. AMale sex
2. BOlder age
3. CFamily history
4. DSmoking

Kodėl krūtinės ląstos drenažas jungiamas prie povandeninio sandarinimo sistemos?

1. AVanduo atvėsina ir nuramina uždegimo pažeistą pleuros ertmę
2. BVanduo leidžia orui ir skysčiui išeiti, bet neleidžia orui grįžti atgal
3. CVanduo sudrėkina į plaučius patenkantį orą
4. DVanduo išfiltruoja bakterijas iš nutekančio skysčio

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

1. AIt carries oxygen across the membrane into the blood
2. BIt moves mucus up towards the throat
3. CIt kills bacteria that reach the alveoli from the air
4. DIt lowers surface tension so the alveoli stay open

Virchow's triad describes three factors that promote venous thrombosis. Which patient factor represents venous stasis?

1. AImmobility after major surgery
2. BTaking an oestrogen-containing pill
3. CDamage to a vein during hip surgery
4. DAn inherited clotting disorder

Why are IV fluids given cautiously to a patient with heart failure?

1. AIV fluids stop diuretics from being absorbed
2. BExtra volume can quickly cause pulmonary oedema
3. CIV fluids lower the blood pressure dangerously
4. DIV fluids directly damage the heart valves

Which patient is most typical of a primary spontaneous pneumothorax?

1. AAn older woman with long-standing heart failure
2. BA tall, thin young man who smokes
3. CA child with a viral sore throat
4. DA middle-aged woman with high blood pressure

A patient being treated for infective endocarditis of the mitral valve suddenly develops slurred speech and weakness of the right arm. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAn embolus from a valve vegetation causing a stroke
2. BLow blood glucose from a reduced appetite
3. CA side effect of the IV antibiotic on the nerves
4. DA migraine aura triggered by the fever

On the first day after abdominal surgery, a patient has a temperature of 37,8 °C, SpO₂ 93% on air and reduced breath sounds at both bases. They have stayed in bed because of pain. What is the most likely cause and response?

1. AWound infection: open the wound fully and swab it for culture
2. BPulmonary oedema: restrict all oral fluids and give a diuretic
3. CNormal recovery; no action is needed
4. DAtelectasis: give analgesia, deep breathing and mobilisation