Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

Which examination findings are typical of a large pleural effusion?

1. ANormal percussion and bronchial breathing
2. BHyper-resonance and a loud wheeze over the affected side
3. CCoarse crackles that clear on coughing
4. DDullness to percussion and reduced breath sounds

When do the coronary arteries of the left ventricle mainly fill with blood?

1. AOnly during exercise
2. BDuring diastole
3. COnly during inspiration
4. DDuring systole

Which muscle does most of the work of quiet breathing?

1. AThe trapezius
2. BThe abdominal muscles
3. CThe sternocleidomastoid
4. DThe diaphragm

Why is a raised serum lactate concerning in a patient with shock?

1. AIt suggests tissues are short of oxygen and using anaerobic metabolism
2. BIt confirms a bacterial infection is present
3. CIt shows only that the patient has eaten a large meal in the past hour
4. DIt means the kidneys are working harder than normal to clear fluid

A woman had lymph nodes removed from her left armpit for breast cancer. Which advice helps reduce the risk of lymphoedema?

1. AApply tight jewellery to the left wrist
2. BKeep the left arm hanging down and as still as possible all day
3. CUse only the left arm for heavy lifting to build up its muscles
4. DAvoid BP cuffs and injections on the left arm where possible

Which emergency equipment should be kept at the bedside of a patient with a tracheostomy?

1. AA urinary catheter set, a blood glucose meter and a thermometer
2. BA nasogastric tube and a feeding pump
3. CSpare tubes (same size and one smaller), suction and oxygen
4. DOnly a spare oxygen mask, since the tube rarely causes problems

A patient is going home after a spontaneous pneumothorax treated with a chest drain. Which advice is correct?

1. ATake up scuba diving to strengthen the lungs
2. BStop smoking and do not fly until a doctor confirms full resolution
3. CExpect it never to happen again, so no follow-up is needed
4. DFly home as soon as possible so they can recover in comfort there

A patient with obstructive sleep apnoea who uses CPAP at home is having surgery. Which plan is safest after the operation?

1. ALeave the CPAP machine at home, as it is not needed while in hospital
2. BUse their CPAP machine and monitor closely, using opioids with caution
3. CNurse the patient lying flat on their back to keep the airway open
4. DGive extra opioids so the patient sleeps through the night