Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

What is the role of cilia in the airways?

1. AThey contract to narrow the airways and keep out particles of dust
2. BThey exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood
3. CThey move mucus and trapped particles up towards the throat
4. DThey make surfactant to keep the small alveoli open

What is pitting oedema?

1. ARedness of the skin that turns white when it is pressed
2. BSwelling that is hard and does not dent at all when pressed
3. CA small sore that forms on the shin
4. DSwelling that keeps a dent for a while after firm pressure

Mesothelioma of the pleura is strongly linked with exposure to which substance?

1. APollen
2. BWood smoke
3. CAsbestos
4. DCoal dust

Why is a non-selective beta-blocker such as propranolol usually avoided in a patient with asthma?

1. AIt raises the heart rate sharply during an acute asthma attack
2. BIt makes inhaled corticosteroids work too strongly
3. CIt can cause bronchospasm by blocking beta-2 receptors
4. DIt thickens airway mucus by drying the airways

A peripheral cannula site is red, warm, tender and swollen along the vein. What should the nurse do?

1. ALeave it in place, as this is normal after 24 hours
2. BCover the site and keep using it until it blocks
3. CFlush the cannula hard to clear it
4. DRemove the cannula, document and monitor the site

A patient has chest pain at rest in the early morning with brief ST elevation that resolves. Coronary arteries are later found to be clear. Which condition is most likely?

1. AStable exertional angina from a fixed plaque
2. BAcute pericarditis
3. CVasospastic (Prinzmetal) angina
4. DAortic stenosis

A patient with life-threatening asthma has not responded to repeated nebulised salbutamol (albuterol), ipratropium and steroids. Which drug is commonly given intravenously next?

1. AMetoprolol
2. BMagnesium sulfate
3. CIntravenous furosemide
4. DMorphine

A patient with pneumonia has a heart rate of 118/min, BP 86/50 mmHg, RR 28/min and a high lactate. Sepsis is recognised. Which action should not be delayed?

1. AWait for the sputum culture result before choosing an antibiotic
2. BTake blood cultures and give IV antibiotics within the first hour
3. CGive oral antibiotics and reassess the next day
4. DDelay fluids until a chest X-ray has been reported