Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

What does the term "afterload" describe?

1. AThe stretch of the ventricle before it contracts
2. BThe volume of blood returning to the right atrium each minute
3. CThe time the heart takes to relax after each beat
4. DThe resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood

In an adult over 40, an added third heart sound (S3) most often suggests which problem?

1. AA narrowed aortic valve
2. BHeart failure with fluid overload
3. CInflammation of the pericardium
4. DA normal finding of good fitness

Which colour change is typical of Raynaud's phenomenon?

1. AThe whole arm turns pale and then black
2. BFingers turn white, then blue, then red
3. CFingers turn yellow, then green, then brown
4. DFingers stay red and hot for several days

A patient with a long QT interval develops a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that twists around the baseline but still has a pulse. Which drug is used first?

1. AIntravenous potassium chloride as a bolus
2. BIntravenous adenosine
3. CIntravenous magnesium sulfate
4. DOral digoxin

Pagal dabartines rekomendacijas, kada reikia duoti deguonies pacientui, kuriam yra ūminis vainikinių arterijų sindromas?

1. AVisada 15 l/min., nepriklausomai nuo saturacijos
2. BTik gavus troponino rezultatą
3. CTik kai SpO₂ žemiau tikslinio intervalo
4. DNiekada, nes deguonis kenkia širdies raumeniui

A patient with a mechanical heart valve asks to switch from warfarin to apixaban. What is the correct response?

1. AAny anticoagulant works equally well once the valve is in place
2. BMechanical valves do not need anticoagulation after the first month
3. CDirect oral anticoagulants are not used for mechanical valves
4. DAspirin alone can replace warfarin once the valve has healed

A nurse looked after a patient for a shift before smear-positive pulmonary TB was diagnosed, without wearing a respirator. What should happen?

1. AStay off work for six months in case symptoms develop
2. BReport it so occupational health can arrange follow-up screening
3. CTake no action, as healthcare workers are immune to TB
4. DStart a full six-month course of TB drugs at once without any tests

A patient with severe chronic kidney disease needs therapeutic anticoagulation for a DVT. Why might unfractionated heparin be chosen instead of a low-molecular-weight heparin?

1. ALMWH is cleared by the kidneys and can accumulate
2. BUnfractionated heparin has no bleeding risk at all
3. CUnfractionated heparin is taken by mouth
4. DLMWH cannot be given to anyone over 60