Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited cause of which lung disease?

1. ALung cancer
2. BAsthma
3. CPneumothorax
4. DEmphysema

Which colour change is typical of Raynaud's phenomenon?

1. AFingers stay red and hot for several days
2. BFingers turn yellow, then green, then brown
3. CFingers turn white, then blue, then red
4. DThe whole arm turns pale and then black

On spirometry, what does a reduced FEV₁/FVC ratio indicate?

1. AWeak heart muscle
2. BObstruction to airflow
3. CLow haemoglobin
4. DNormal lung function

Which feature of a COPD exacerbation most suggests that antibiotics are needed?

1. AA mild sore throat that lasted for one day only
2. BA clear runny nose
3. CA dry, tickly cough with no sputum at all for a day
4. DAn increase in purulent (green or yellow) sputum

In heart failure, why does activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system worsen symptoms over time?

1. AIt lowers the blood pressure to very low levels over time
2. BIt slows the heart rate dangerously
3. CIt causes sodium and water retention and vasoconstriction
4. DIt makes the kidneys pass too much dilute urine each day

A 34-year-old has hypertension that is hard to control and a low serum potassium without taking diuretics. Which cause should be considered?

1. AHypothyroidism
2. BEssential hypertension of ageing
3. CIron-deficiency anaemia
4. DPrimary hyperaldosteronism

Pacientui, vartojančiam apiksabaną dėl prieširdžių virpėjimo, paskirta elektyvinė operacija. Kuris teiginys atspindi teisingą praktiką?

1. AJis nutraukiamas likus dviem savaitėms iki operacijos ir keičiamas varfarinu
2. BVaistą nutraukti nustatytam laikui, atsižvelgiant į kraujavimo riziką ir inkstų funkciją
3. CJis nutraukiamas, o jo poveikis panaikinamas geriamuoju vitaminu K
4. DJis visada tęsiamas iki operacijos ryto

A patient being treated for infective endocarditis of the mitral valve suddenly develops slurred speech and weakness of the right arm. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAn embolus from a valve vegetation causing a stroke
2. BLow blood glucose from a reduced appetite
3. CA migraine aura triggered by the fever
4. DA side effect of the IV antibiotic on the nerves