Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

What is the main function of the epiglottis?

1. AIt covers the entrance to the larynx during swallowing
2. BIt warms and moistens the air on its way into the lungs
3. CIt vibrates to produce the sound of the voice when speaking
4. DIt divides the trachea into two bronchi

In a tension pneumothorax, which way does the trachea usually shift?

1. ATowards the affected side
2. BUpwards towards the chin
3. CAway from the affected side
4. DIt never moves in a pneumothorax

Kuris mitybos pokytis labiausiai mažina kraujospūdį?

1. ADaugiau kavos ir mažiau gazuotų gėrimų su pridėtu cukrumi
2. BMažiau druskos ir daugiau vaisių bei daržovių
3. CDaugiau raudonos mėsos ir mažiau duonos
4. DDaugiau vaisių sulčių ir mažiau vandens

A patient in cardiac rehabilitation asks how hard to exercise. Which simple guide is commonly taught?

1. AExercise until they are too breathless to speak at all
2. BExercise so they are a little breathless but can still talk
3. CExercise until chest pain starts, then stop
4. DExercise only until the heart rate rises even slightly

A patient choosing between a mechanical and a biological heart valve asks about the main difference. Which answer is accurate?

1. ABoth types need no medicines after surgery
2. BBiological valves last longer but need lifelong warfarin
3. CMechanical valves last longer but need lifelong anticoagulation
4. DMechanical valves wear out within one year

A patient on home oxygen has dry, sore lips. Which product is safest to use?

1. AAn alcohol-based gel
2. BA water-based lubricant
3. CPetroleum jelly
4. DAn oil-based balm

A ventilated patient with severe ARDS is to be turned prone. What is the main reason, and the key nursing risk?

1. AIt treats infection; the risk is fever
2. BIt improves oxygenation; risks are pressure injury and tube displacement
3. CIt lowers the blood pressure; the main risk is rebound hypertension
4. DIt improves digestion and gut motility; the main risk is constipation

The monitor shows a regular broad-complex tachycardia at 180/min. The patient is alert with BP 126/78 mmHg and no chest pain. What is the most appropriate plan?

1. ADeliver an unsynchronised shock immediately, before any other assessment
2. BRecord a 12-lead ECG, call senior help and anticipate an antiarrhythmic
3. CReassure the patient, as this is a normal rhythm
4. DStart chest compressions straight away and give a dose of IV adrenaline