Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

In which situation can a pulse oximeter show a falsely normal reading?

1. AA regular pulse of 80/min
2. BBreathing room air
3. CA warm hand at rest
4. DCarbon monoxide poisoning

What is the main cause of varicose veins?

1. ANarrowing of the leg arteries by plaque
2. BA clot blocking a deep vein in the calf
3. CFaulty valves in the superficial leg veins
4. DInflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin

Where in the kidney does furosemide mainly act?

1. AThe loop of Henle
2. BThe renal artery
3. CThe collecting duct only
4. DThe glomerulus

How should a patient with asthma record their peak flow at home?

1. ATake the average of ten blows after exercise
2. BBlow only during an asthma attack, never when well
3. CTake the best of three blows, ideally morning and evening
4. DTake one gentle blow once a week, at any time of day

A patient on nasal cannula oxygen breathes mainly through the mouth. What is the most accurate statement?

1. AThe cannula should be placed in the mouth
2. BIt has no effect at all in mouth breathers and must be stopped
3. CThe flow must be increased to 15 L/min to make it work at all
4. DIt can still work, because oxygen collects in the nasopharynx

Kodėl pacientui, sergančiam išemine širdies liga, beta adrenoblokatoriaus negalima staiga nutraukti?

1. AVaistas keletą mėnesių išlieka sukauptas audiniuose
2. BStaigus nutraukimas sukelia sunkią ir užsitęsusią hipoglikemiją
3. CAtoveiksminė tachikardija ir hipertenzija gali išprovokuoti anginą ar miokardo infarktą
4. DVėliau širdies susitraukimų dažnis visam laikui sulėtėja

On the first day after abdominal surgery, a patient has a temperature of 37,8 °C, SpO₂ 93% on air and reduced breath sounds at both bases. They have stayed in bed because of pain. What is the most likely cause and response?

1. AWound infection: open the wound fully and swab it for culture
2. BAtelectasis: give analgesia, deep breathing and mobilisation
3. CNormal recovery; no action is needed
4. DPulmonary oedema: restrict all oral fluids and give a diuretic

A patient with infective endocarditis is on IV gentamicin with another antibiotic. Which monitoring is most important?

1. ABlood glucose only
2. BLiver size by daily palpation and weekly abdominal ultrasound
3. CPeak flow readings and spirometry before and after each dose
4. DDrug levels, renal function and hearing or balance changes