Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

What is a thoracentesis?

1. ARemoving fluid from the pleural space with a needle
2. BRemoving a lobe of the lung
3. CInserting a flexible camera into the airways to look inside
4. DMeasuring lung volumes by blowing into a tube

How is cystic fibrosis inherited?

1. AAutosomal dominant
2. BIt is not inherited
3. CAutosomal recessive
4. DX-linked recessive

How is most oxygen carried in the blood?

1. ABound to albumin and other plasma proteins
2. BBound to haemoglobin in red blood cells
3. CDissolved freely in the plasma water
4. DCarried as bicarbonate ions in the plasma

A patient on ramipril is to start sacubitril/valsartan for heart failure. What is the key safety point?

1. AThe ACE inhibitor dose should be doubled during the change
2. BBoth drugs should be taken together each day for the best effect
3. CSacubitril/valsartan is safe to start on the same morning
4. DThe ACE inhibitor must be stopped first, with a gap before starting

A patient is starting long-term amiodarone. Which teaching and monitoring are most important?

1. AEat extra salt and stop the drug as soon as the pulse is regular
2. BExpect orange urine and no need for blood tests
3. CAvoid dairy products and have the INR checked once at the start
4. DProtect skin from sunlight and have thyroid, liver and lung checks

Paciento kraujospūdis 200/125 mmHg, naujai atsiradęs sumišimas ir neryškus matymas. Kaip jį paprastai reikia mažinti?

1. AKuo greičiau, iki normalios vertės per kelias minutes
2. BTitruojamais vaistais į veną, iki maždaug 25 % pirmąją valandą
3. CVisai nemažinti, nes smegenys dabar priklauso nuo aukšto slėgio
4. DNauja geriamąja tablete ir peržiūra po savaitės

Pacientui, kuriam žinoma hipertenzija, kraujospūdis 186/112 mmHg, simptomų nėra ir organų pažeidimo požymių nėra. Kuris atsakas tinkamiausias?

1. ANieko nedaryti, nes pacientas jaučiasi gerai ir simptomų neturi
2. BĮ veną suleisti antihipertenzinį vaistą bolusu, kad per 15 minučių pasiektų 120/80 mmHg
3. CKviesti gaivinimo komandą ir ruoštis intubacijai
4. DPakartotinai išmatuoti, pranešti ir tikėtis geriamojo gydymo valandas ar dienas

On the first day after abdominal surgery, a patient has a temperature of 37,8 °C, SpO₂ 93% on air and reduced breath sounds at both bases. They have stayed in bed because of pain. What is the most likely cause and response?

1. ANormal recovery; no action is needed
2. BWound infection: open the wound fully and swab it for culture
3. CAtelectasis: give analgesia, deep breathing and mobilisation
4. DPulmonary oedema: restrict all oral fluids and give a diuretic