Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

Where is the apex beat normally felt in an adult?

1. AOver the middle of the breastbone
2. BThe fifth intercostal space in the left mid-clavicular line
3. CJust below the right nipple
4. DThe second intercostal space to the right of the sternum

What is a pneumothorax?

1. AInflammation of the lung tissue caused by infection
2. BAir in the pleural space causing the lung to collapse
3. CFluid in the alveoli caused by heart failure
4. DPus collecting in the pleural space

What is the main risk factor for lung cancer?

1. ACigarette smoking
2. BA high-protein diet
3. CLow blood pressure
4. DDrinking coffee

A patient on ramipril is to start sacubitril/valsartan for heart failure. What is the key safety point?

1. AThe ACE inhibitor must be stopped first, with a gap before starting
2. BBoth drugs should be taken together each day for the best effect
3. CThe ACE inhibitor dose should be doubled during the change
4. DSacubitril/valsartan is safe to start on the same morning

A patient with COPD uses an inhaled corticosteroid combination inhaler. Which risk should the nurse be aware of?

1. AHearing loss after every dose
2. BAn increased risk of pneumonia
3. CAn increased risk of high blood pressure crises
4. DA sharp drop in potassium after each dose

Why are patients with mitral stenosis at high risk of atrial fibrillation?

1. AThe coronary arteries become blocked by the valve
2. BThe left atrium enlarges as it pushes blood through the narrow valve
3. CThe narrow valve presses on the sinus node and slows it down directly
4. DThe right ventricle shrinks and stops contracting properly over time

Heparino infuzijos 6 dieną trombocitų skaičius sumažėjo daugiau nei perpus, o pacientui ištinsta ranka. Ko turėtų tikėtis slaugytojas?

1. ATęsti heparino skyrimą ir perpilti trombocitų
2. BNutraukti visą hepariną ir pradėti ne heparino grupės antikoaguliantą
3. CPereiti prie MMH, nes tai kitas vaistas
4. DNutraukti bet kokią antikoaguliaciją dviem savaitėms

During a cardiac arrest, the monitor shows an organised rhythm, but there is no pulse. What should the team do?

1. AGive adenosine to slow the rhythm down
2. BDeliver an unsynchronised shock at once and then check the pulse
3. CContinue CPR and give adrenaline (epinephrine), as the rhythm is non-shockable
4. DStop CPR, because an organised rhythm on the monitor means recovery