Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: širdies ir kraujagyslių bei kvėpavimo sistemos su atsakymais

Legionnaires' disease is usually acquired from which source?

1. AContact with cats' litter trays while cleaning them at home
2. BMosquito bites when travelling in warm, humid countries
3. CEating undercooked chicken or eggs bought from a market stall
4. DContaminated water systems such as cooling towers and showers

Kada idealiu atveju reikia paimti skreplių pasėlio mėginį įtariant pneumoniją?

1. APo trijų dienų antibiotikų gydymo
2. BPrieš pirmąją antibiotiko dozę, jos nevėlinant
3. CTik jei po savaitės nėra pagerėjimo
4. DBet kada, nes antibiotikai pasėlių neveikia

What is the classic clinical definition of chronic bronchitis?

1. AA cough with sputum most days for 3 months in 2 years running
2. BA dry cough lasting about one week after a common cold
3. CWheeze and chest tightness that occur only during exercise
4. DA single episode of coughing up blood after a chest infection

Why must inspired air be humidified for a patient with a tracheostomy?

1. AHumidification prevents the cuff from deflating
2. BDry air is needed to stop secretions forming in the trachea
3. CThe nose and upper airway, which warm and moisten air, are bypassed
4. DHumidified air contains more oxygen than dry air at the same flow

A patient has pneumonia in the right lung only. In which side-lying position will oxygenation usually be best?

1. ALying on the right side, with the affected lung down
2. BLying on the left side, with the healthy lung down
3. CProne with the head down
4. DFlat on the back with no pillows

What is the purpose of cardiac resynchronisation therapy (a biventricular pacemaker)?

1. ATo replace a damaged heart valve
2. BTo slow the atrial rate in patients with atrial fibrillation
3. CTo make both ventricles contract together and more efficiently
4. DTo deliver a shock whenever the heart rate exceeds 100/min

A 74-year-old man with a known abdominal aortic aneurysm suddenly has severe back and abdominal pain. His heart rate is 128/min and BP 82/50 mmHg. What is the priority?

1. AArrange a routine outpatient ultrasound scan of the aneurysm
2. BEncourage him to walk to ease the back pain
3. CGive oral analgesia and reassess the pain in an hour
4. DCall for emergency help and prepare for urgent vascular surgery

A patient on spironolactone and an ACE inhibitor has a potassium of 6,8 mmol/L (6,8 mEq/L) with peaked T waves. What is usually given first to protect the heart?

1. AA dose of digoxin
2. BIntravenous calcium gluconate or chloride
3. COral potassium supplements
4. DAn IV furosemide bolus as the only treatment