Užduočių lapas tema Vidaus ligų ir chirurginė slauga: virškinimo trakto, perioperacinė ir onkologinė su atsakymais

Which finding is typical of a perforated peptic ulcer?

1. AA soft, non-tender abdomen with loud, frequent bowel sounds
2. BSlow onset of mild pain relieved fully by eating
3. CSudden severe abdominal pain with a rigid, board-like abdomen
4. DPainless bright red bleeding from the rectum over several days

What is the basic idea of the WHO analgesic ladder?

1. AGive analgesia only when the patient asks for it
2. BAlways start with the strongest opioid available and then reduce it slowly
3. CUse only one drug at a time, never in combination
4. DStep up from non-opioids to weak, then strong, opioids as needed

How is the length of a nasogastric tube usually estimated before insertion?

1. AAny length, as long as the whole tube is inserted
2. BFrom the mouth to the knee on the same side of the body
3. CFrom the nose tip to the earlobe, then to the xiphisternum
4. DFrom the chin to the umbilicus in a straight line

Which advice may help reduce the risk of a parastomal hernia after stoma surgery?

1. AStrain hard on the toilet each day to strengthen the abdominal muscles
2. BDo intensive sit-ups from the first week
3. CKeep the stoma bag as full as possible
4. DAvoid heavy lifting early on and use support garments as advised

Which task for a stable patient with an established ileostomy can usually be delegated to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. AEmptying the pouch and measuring the output
2. BAssessing the stoma for signs of necrosis
3. CDeciding whether IV fluids are needed
4. DTeaching the patient about high-output risks

Which is a usual benefit of laparoscopic over open abdominal surgery?

1. ALess pain and a shorter hospital stay
2. BLarger wounds that heal faster
3. CNo need for a general anaesthetic ever
4. DNo risk of any complications at all

A patient finds daily wound dressing changes very painful. What is the most effective nursing approach?

1. ADo the dressing quickly and give analgesia afterwards
2. BGive analgesia timed so it works during the dressing change
3. CChange the dressing less often than the plan says
4. DAvoid analgesia so the patient can report any problems during the change

A nurse has a needlestick injury after taking blood from a patient with hepatitis B. What should the nurse do first?

1. ASuck the wound to remove as much of the blood as possible
2. BScrub the area hard with a nail brush and alcohol
3. CFinish the shift and report it the next day
4. DWash the site with soap and running water, without scrubbing