Kawalan Jangkitan dan Keselamatan Pesakit: pek ulang kaji kilat

Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 6 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.

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1Formula dan kaedah

Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit

Kaedah

  1. Mulakan dengan langkah berjaga-jaga standard untuk setiap pesakit: kebersihan tangan, PPE untuk pendedahan yang dijangka, benda tajam yang selamat.
  2. Tambah langkah berjaga-jaga mengikut laluan: sentuhan (gaun, sarung tangan), titisan (pelitup muka pembedahan), bawaan udara (N95, bilik tekanan negatif).
  3. Pastikan item steril kekal steril: jika ragu-ragu, ia tidak steril; gantikan, jangan sekali-kali dilap.
  4. Cegah bahaya dalam persekitaran: langkah pencegahan jatuh, sekatan hanya sebagai pilihan terakhir, RACE dan PASS untuk kebakaran.
  5. Semak hak pemberian ubat, dua pengenalpastian dan perlindungan tambahan untuk ubat berisiko tinggi; laporkan kesilapan dan hampir-hampir terlepas.

2Soalan latihan

1.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSederhana

Which information must be documented when a patient is restrained?

  1. AThe reason, alternatives tried, type of restraint, times and regular assessments
  2. BOnly the name of the nurse who applied it and the unit where it happened
  3. COnly whether the family agreed to the restraint
  4. DOnly the time the restraint was put on and the time it was taken off
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSukar

A nurse finds an unknown liquid leaking from a container in the utility room, with a strong smell. What should the nurse do first?

  1. AMove closer and smell it carefully to identify what the substance is
  2. BMop it up with paper towels
  3. CPour water over it to dilute it
  4. DLeave the area, keep others out and alert the trained response team
3.Asas kejururawatanSederhana

Which of these is one of the five rights of delegation?

  1. AThe right uniform
  2. BThe right time of year
  3. CThe right supervision
  4. DThe right salary
4.Asas kejururawatanSukar

A nurse realises that a dose of analgesia given two hours ago was not documented. What is correct?

  1. AWrite it now as a late entry, stating when it was given
  2. BWrite it in the space for two hours ago as if it was recorded then
  3. CAsk a colleague to sign that they gave it
  4. DLeave it out, as it is now too late to record it in the notes
5.MikrobiologiSederhana

Apakah perbezaan utama antara imuniti semula jadi dan imuniti adaptif?

  1. AImuniti adaptif bersifat spesifik dan membentuk memori; imuniti semula jadi tidak
  2. BImuniti semula jadi berkembang hanya selepas vaksinasi
  3. CImuniti adaptif bertindak dalam beberapa minit selepas jangkitan
  4. DImuniti semula jadi menggunakan antibodi dan membentuk memori; imuniti adaptif tidak
6.MikrobiologiSukar

Seorang kanak-kanak mengalami cirit-birit berdarah selepas makan burger yang kurang masak, kemudian seminggu selepas itu mengalami kegagalan buah pinggang, anemia dan kiraan platelet rendah. Organisma manakah yang paling berkemungkinan?

  1. AE. coli penghasil toksin Shiga seperti O157:H7
  2. BStaphylococcus aureus
  3. CRotavirus
  4. DClostridium perfringens

3Larutan

1.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit

Jawapan: A · The reason, alternatives tried, type of restraint, times and regular assessments

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Restraint documentation includes the behavior that made it necessary, less restrictive measures tried, the order, the type used, the times applied and released, and ongoing checks of circulation, skin, needs and mental state.

Jawapan

A · The reason, alternatives tried, type of restraint, times and regular assessments
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit

Jawapan: D · Leave the area, keep others out and alert the trained response team

Mengapa ini jawapannya

An unknown chemical spill may be toxic or flammable. The nurse moves people away, prevents entry and calls the designated hazardous materials team, who check the Safety Data Sheet and use the right equipment.

Jawapan

D · Leave the area, keep others out and alert the trained response team
3.Asas kejururawatan

Jawapan: C · The right supervision

Mengapa ini jawapannya

The five rights of delegation are the right task, circumstance, person, direction or communication, and supervision or evaluation. The registered nurse stays accountable for the decision to delegate.

Jawapan

C · The right supervision
4.Asas kejururawatan

Jawapan: A · Write it now as a late entry, stating when it was given

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Late entries are clearly marked as such, showing both when care was given and when the note was written. This keeps the record accurate and prevents a second dose being given.

Jawapan

A · Write it now as a late entry, stating when it was given
5.Mikrobiologi

Jawapan: A · Imuniti adaptif bersifat spesifik dan membentuk memori; imuniti semula jadi tidak

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Pertahanan semula jadi (halangan, fagosit, komplemen) bertindak pantas dan dengan cara yang sama setiap kali. Imuniti adaptif (sel B dan T) mengambil masa beberapa hari, spesifik bagi setiap antigen dan membentuk memori.

Jawapan

A · Imuniti adaptif bersifat spesifik dan membentuk memori; imuniti semula jadi tidak
6.Mikrobiologi

Jawapan: A · E. coli penghasil toksin Shiga seperti O157:H7

Mengapa ini jawapannya

E. coli penghasil toksin Shiga merosakkan usus dan salur darah kecil buah pinggang, menyebabkan sindrom uremia hemolitik. Lembu ialah reservoir, maka daging cincang yang kurang masak ialah sumber klasik.

Jawapan

A · E. coli penghasil toksin Shiga seperti O157:H7

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/infection-control-and-patient-safety