Kawalan Jangkitan dan Keselamatan Pesakit: pek ulang kaji kilat

Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 6 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.

Soalan baharuKembali ke kursus

Dalam tetingkap cetak, pilih “Simpan sebagai PDF” untuk menyimpan salinan pada peranti anda.

1Formula dan kaedah

Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit

Kaedah

  1. Mulakan dengan langkah berjaga-jaga standard untuk setiap pesakit: kebersihan tangan, PPE untuk pendedahan yang dijangka, benda tajam yang selamat.
  2. Tambah langkah berjaga-jaga mengikut laluan: sentuhan (gaun, sarung tangan), titisan (pelitup muka pembedahan), bawaan udara (N95, bilik tekanan negatif).
  3. Pastikan item steril kekal steril: jika ragu-ragu, ia tidak steril; gantikan, jangan sekali-kali dilap.
  4. Cegah bahaya dalam persekitaran: langkah pencegahan jatuh, sekatan hanya sebagai pilihan terakhir, RACE dan PASS untuk kebakaran.
  5. Semak hak pemberian ubat, dua pengenalpastian dan perlindungan tambahan untuk ubat berisiko tinggi; laporkan kesilapan dan hampir-hampir terlepas.

2Soalan latihan

1.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSederhana

Which measure reduces errors caused by interruptions during medication preparation?

  1. APreparing medications at the busiest place on the ward
  2. BA quiet “no interruption” zone or signal while preparing medications
  3. CAnswering phone calls and pages while counting tablets, to save time
  4. DPreparing medications for all patients at once
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSukar

In US nursing practice, which task should the RN not assign to an LPN/LVN?

  1. AGiving scheduled oral antibiotics to a stable patient
  2. BReinforcing hand hygiene teaching that the RN has already given
  3. CA dressing change on a healing surgical wound that has no signs of infection
  4. DThe initial admission assessment of a new patient with suspected sepsis
3.Asas kejururawatanSederhana

What is tolerance to an opioid?

  1. AFeeling no side effects at all from the drug
  2. BAn allergic reaction to the drug
  3. CNeeding a higher dose to get the same pain relief
  4. DA craving to take the drug for its mental effects
4.Asas kejururawatanSukar

What is the effect of deflating the blood pressure cuff too quickly?

  1. AThe systolic may be read too low and the diastolic too high
  2. BOnly the pulse rate is affected, not the blood pressure
  3. CBoth the systolic and diastolic will be read too high
  4. DThe reading becomes more accurate because it is faster
5.MikrobiologiSederhana

Bakteria manakah yang menyebabkan batuk kokol (pertusis)?

  1. AMycoplasma pneumoniae
  2. BBordetella pertussis
  3. CCorynebacterium diphtheriae
  4. DHaemophilus influenzae
6.MikrobiologiSukar

Seorang warga emas mengalami ruam melepuh yang menyakitkan berbentuk jalur pada satu sisi dada. Apakah yang menerangkan corak ini?

  1. AJangkitan cacar air baharu merebak melalui darah ke satu sisi
  2. BBakteria merebak sepanjang salur limfa dada
  3. CVirus varisela-zoster diaktifkan semula daripada satu ganglion deria dan bergerak sepanjang sarafnya
  4. DTindak balas alahan terhadap pakaian menjejaskan satu dermatom

3Larutan

1.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit

Jawapan: B · A quiet “no interruption” zone or signal while preparing medications

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Interruptions during medication preparation are linked to more errors. Many units use quiet zones, vests or signs to show that the nurse should not be interrupted.

Jawapan

B · A quiet “no interruption” zone or signal while preparing medications
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit

Jawapan: D · The initial admission assessment of a new patient with suspected sepsis

Mengapa ini jawapannya

The initial assessment of a new, potentially unstable patient is an RN responsibility. LPNs/LVNs can give routine medications, perform routine procedures and reinforce teaching for stable patients.

Jawapan

D · The initial admission assessment of a new patient with suspected sepsis
3.Asas kejururawatan

Jawapan: C · Needing a higher dose to get the same pain relief

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Tolerance is a physical adaptation in which the same dose has less effect over time. It is not the same as addiction, which involves craving and harmful use.

Jawapan

C · Needing a higher dose to get the same pain relief
4.Asas kejururawatan

Jawapan: A · The systolic may be read too low and the diastolic too high

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Fast deflation means the gauge drops past the first and last sounds before they are heard. The usual advice is to deflate at about 2–3 mmHg per second.

Jawapan

A · The systolic may be read too low and the diastolic too high
5.Mikrobiologi

Jawapan: B · Bordetella pertussis

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Bordetella pertussis menyebabkan serangan batuk yang panjang dengan bunyi "whoop". Ia paling berbahaya kepada bayi kecil, itulah sebabnya vaksinasi semasa kehamilan ditawarkan di banyak negara.

Jawapan

B · Bordetella pertussis
6.Mikrobiologi

Jawapan: C · Virus varisela-zoster diaktifkan semula daripada satu ganglion deria dan bergerak sepanjang sarafnya

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Selepas cacar air, VZV kekal pendam dalam ganglion akar dorsal atau saraf kranial. Apabila imuniti melemah ia boleh diaktifkan semula, bergerak menuruni saraf itu untuk menyebabkan kayap dalam dermatomnya.

Jawapan

C · Virus varisela-zoster diaktifkan semula daripada satu ganglion deria dan bergerak sepanjang sarafnya

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/infection-control-and-patient-safety