Kawalan Jangkitan dan Keselamatan Pesakit: pek ulang kaji kilat

Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 6 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.

Soalan baharuKembali ke kursus

Dalam tetingkap cetak, pilih “Simpan sebagai PDF” untuk menyimpan salinan pada peranti anda.

1Formula dan kaedah

Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit

Kaedah

  1. Mulakan dengan langkah berjaga-jaga standard untuk setiap pesakit: kebersihan tangan, PPE untuk pendedahan yang dijangka, benda tajam yang selamat.
  2. Tambah langkah berjaga-jaga mengikut laluan: sentuhan (gaun, sarung tangan), titisan (pelitup muka pembedahan), bawaan udara (N95, bilik tekanan negatif).
  3. Pastikan item steril kekal steril: jika ragu-ragu, ia tidak steril; gantikan, jangan sekali-kali dilap.
  4. Cegah bahaya dalam persekitaran: langkah pencegahan jatuh, sekatan hanya sebagai pilihan terakhir, RACE dan PASS untuk kebakaran.
  5. Semak hak pemberian ubat, dua pengenalpastian dan perlindungan tambahan untuk ubat berisiko tinggi; laporkan kesilapan dan hampir-hampir terlepas.

2Soalan latihan

1.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSederhana

A portable x-ray is taken at the bedside. Which action protects the nurse?

  1. AStep away from the patient or wear a lead apron during the exposure
  2. BStand next to the patient and hold the film without protection
  3. CLook directly at the x-ray tube during the exposure to check its position
  4. DStay close to the patient to keep them still without protection
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSukar

A nurse has a needlestick from a patient whose HIV and hepatitis status is unknown. What should happen?

  1. AThe nurse is assumed to be infected and stops all work
  2. BThe source patient is tested per policy, and the nurse has baseline tests
  3. CThe nurse waits six months before having any blood tests at all
  4. DNothing, because the source patient is probably not infected
3.Asas kejururawatanSederhana

A patient's blood pressure is much higher than in all previous readings. What is the best first step?

  1. ARecord it and give an extra dose of the blood pressure tablet
  2. BIgnore it, as it must be a machine error
  3. CRecheck it, making sure the technique and cuff size are correct
  4. DTell the patient they are having a stroke
4.Asas kejururawatanSukar

Which feature suggests that a sore area is a moisture lesion rather than a pressure ulcer?

  1. AA dark area of necrotic tissue over the heel
  2. BA circular area of damage directly over the sacral bone
  3. CA deep wound with straight edges over the hip
  4. DDiffuse, irregular redness in a skin fold, not over a bone
5.MikrobiologiSederhana

Pemindahan gen bakteria daripada satu bakteria ke bakteria lain oleh virus dipanggil:

  1. ATransformasi
  2. BTransduksi
  3. CKonjugasi
  4. DTranskripsi
6.MikrobiologiSukar

Pada tahun 1840-an Ignaz Semmelweis mengurangkan kematian akibat demam nifas di sebuah klinik bersalin di Vienna. Apakah yang diperkenalkannya?

  1. AMerawat ibu dengan penisilin
  2. BMencuci tangan dengan kapur berklorin sebelum memeriksa wanita
  3. CMengekalkan ibu dalam bilik pengasingan yang berasingan selepas bersalin
  4. DVaksinasi semua ibu sebelum bersalin

3Larutan

1.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit

Jawapan: A · Step away from the patient or wear a lead apron during the exposure

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Radiation exposure falls quickly with distance. Staff leave the immediate area or wear a lead apron, and anyone who must hold a patient wears protective clothing.

Jawapan

A · Step away from the patient or wear a lead apron during the exposure
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit

Jawapan: B · The source patient is tested per policy, and the nurse has baseline tests

Mengapa ini jawapannya

After first aid and reporting, the source patient is tested according to law and policy, and the nurse has baseline testing. A rapid risk assessment decides whether HIV prophylaxis is started while results are awaited.

Jawapan

B · The source patient is tested per policy, and the nurse has baseline tests
3.Asas kejururawatan

Jawapan: C · Recheck it, making sure the technique and cuff size are correct

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Unexpected findings are validated before action. If the repeat reading is still high, the nurse assesses for symptoms and reports it.

Jawapan

C · Recheck it, making sure the technique and cuff size are correct
4.Asas kejururawatan

Jawapan: D · Diffuse, irregular redness in a skin fold, not over a bone

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Moisture lesions are usually superficial, diffuse and irregular, often in the natal cleft or skin folds. Pressure ulcers are typically over bony prominences and may have necrotic tissue.

Jawapan

D · Diffuse, irregular redness in a skin fold, not over a bone
5.Mikrobiologi

Jawapan: B · Transduksi

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Dalam transduksi bakteriofaj secara tidak sengaja membungkus DNA bakteria dan menghantarnya kepada sel seterusnya yang dijangkitinya. Transformasi ialah pengambilan DNA bebas dan konjugasi menggunakan sentuhan langsung.

Jawapan

B · Transduksi
6.Mikrobiologi

Jawapan: B · Mencuci tangan dengan kapur berklorin sebelum memeriksa wanita

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Semmelweis perasan kematian lebih tinggi di wad yang dikendalikan oleh doktor yang juga melakukan bedah siasat. Pembasmian kuman tangan dengan kapur berklorin mengurangkan kematian dengan ketara, lama sebelum teori kuman diterima.

Jawapan

B · Mencuci tangan dengan kapur berklorin sebelum memeriksa wanita

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/infection-control-and-patient-safety