How should a newborn be moved through hospital corridors?
ACarried in the nurse’s arms for comfort
BOn the mother’s lap in a wheelchair, without staff
CIn the arms of any visitor who offers to help
DIn a bassinet, not carried in the arms
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSukar
Who should mark the operative site before surgery?
AThe admitting clerk, using the information written on the consent form
BAny member of the operating room team after anesthesia starts
CThe patient, alone, using a marker pen at home on the night before surgery
DThe person who will perform the procedure, with the patient involved where possible
3.Asas kejururawatanSederhana
Bilakah tangan patut dibasuh dengan sabun dan air dan bukannya sapuan tangan alkohol?
ATidak pernah, kerana sapuan alkohol sentiasa lebih baik
BSebelum setiap pemerhatian rutin
CApabila tangan jelas kotor atau tercemar
DHanya pada permulaan syif
4.Asas kejururawatanSukar
A colleague asks the nurse to countersign the controlled drug register for a dose the nurse did not see being prepared or given. What should the nurse do?
ARefuse, as they can only sign for what they have witnessed
BSign it later, at the end of the shift, once the colleague explains
CSign, as the colleague is trustworthy
DSign, but only if the colleague is senior
5.MikrobiologiSederhana
Dalam rantaian jangkitan, apakah "reservoir"?
AOrang yang paling berisiko mendapat jangkitan
BTempat patogen lazimnya hidup dan membiak
CLaluan patogen meninggalkan badan perumah yang dijangkiti
DCara patogen memasuki perumah baharu
6.MikrobiologiSukar
Toksin bakteria manakah yang menyebabkan kekejangan otot tetanus?
AToksin botulinum, yang menyekat pembebasan asetilkolin pada simpang neuromuskular
BTetanospasmin, yang menyekat pembebasan neurotransmiter perencat
CEndotoksin daripada membran luar
DToksin kolera, yang mengaktifkan adenilat siklase
3Larutan
1.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit
Jawapan: D · In a bassinet, not carried in the arms
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Infants are moved in a bassinet through corridors. This prevents drops and makes abduction easier to spot, because carrying a baby in the arms in a hallway is unusual.
Jawapan
D · In a bassinet, not carried in the arms
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit
Jawapan: D · The person who will perform the procedure, with the patient involved where possible
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Under the Universal Protocol, the site is marked by the person performing the procedure, or an authorized delegate, ideally while the patient is awake and can confirm it. This helps prevent wrong-site surgery.
Jawapan
D · The person who will perform the procedure, with the patient involved where possible
3.Asas kejururawatan
Jawapan: C · Apabila tangan jelas kotor atau tercemar
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Sabun dan air diperlukan apabila tangan jelas kotor atau tercemar dengan cecair badan. Pada tangan yang jelas bersih, sapuan alkohol cepat dan berkesan untuk kebanyakan daripada lima momen.
Jawapan
C · Apabila tangan jelas kotor atau tercemar
4.Asas kejururawatan
Jawapan: A · Refuse, as they can only sign for what they have witnessed
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Countersigning means confirming that you witnessed the check and administration. Signing for something you did not see is dishonest and removes an important safety check.
Jawapan
A · Refuse, as they can only sign for what they have witnessed
5.Mikrobiologi
Jawapan: B · Tempat patogen lazimnya hidup dan membiak
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Rantaian jangkitan menghubungkan agen, reservoir, pintu keluar, cara penularan, pintu masuk dan perumah yang mudah terdedah. Memutuskan mana-mana mata rantai menghentikan penularan.
Jawapan
B · Tempat patogen lazimnya hidup dan membiak
6.Mikrobiologi
Jawapan: B · Tetanospasmin, yang menyekat pembebasan neurotransmiter perencat
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Tetanospasmin daripada Clostridium tetani menyekat pembebasan GABA dan glisin daripada interneuron perencat, menyebabkan lumpuh spastik. Toksin botulinum pula menyebabkan lumpuh lembik.
Jawapan
B · Tetanospasmin, yang menyekat pembebasan neurotransmiter perencat