Hormati hak: pilihan yang paling kurang menyekat, persetujuan dan kerahsiaan beserta hadnya.
2Soalan latihan
1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSederhana
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which patient need should a nurse on a mental health ward address first?
AA patient who wants to find a new hobby
BA patient who wants to improve her self-esteem
CA patient who feels lonely and wants more visitors
DA patient who has not eaten or drunk anything for two days
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSukar
A patient taking naltrexone for alcohol dependence is brought to the emergency department with a broken leg. Why should the nurse tell the team about the naltrexone?
ANaltrexone blocks opioid analgesics, so pain relief needs to be planned differently
BNaltrexone makes opioids much stronger, so smaller doses must be used
CIt is not relevant, because naltrexone only affects the way the body responds to alcohol
DNaltrexone causes broken bones to heal more slowly
3.Psikologi klinikalSederhana
Terapi kognitif berasaskan kesedaran penuh (MBCT) mempunyai bukti terbaik untuk:
AMencegah kambuh pada orang yang mengalami kemurungan berulang
BMerawat masalah perhatian pada kanak-kanak kecil yang mengidap ADHD
CMerawat psikosis akut
DMenyembuhkan demensia
4.Psikologi klinikalSukar
Seorang pesakit warga emas menjadi keliru dalam tempoh dua hari selepas mula mengambil ubat baharu, dengan perhatian yang berubah sepanjang hari. Anak perempuannya berkata ingatannya normal minggu lepas. Apakah tafsiran yang paling sesuai?
ADelirium, yang memerlukan pencarian punca fizikal atau ubat
BSkizofrenia lewat bermula
CPenuaan normal
DPenyakit Alzheimer awal, yang memerlukan rujukan ke klinik ingatan
5.FarmakologiSederhana
Which teaching about antiepileptic drugs is most important?
ADo not stop the drug suddenly, as this can trigger severe seizures
BTake a double dose if you feel a seizure coming
CAlcohol has no effect on seizure control
DStop the drug when you have had no seizures for one whole week
6.FarmakologiSukar
A patient receiving a phenylephrine infusion has a rise in blood pressure and a fall in heart rate. What is the best explanation?
APhenylephrine directly blocks beta-1 receptors in the heart's conduction system
BPhenylephrine stimulates muscarinic receptors
CAlpha-1 vasoconstriction raises blood pressure and causes reflex bradycardia
DThe fall in heart rate shows phenylephrine toxicity of the AV node
3Larutan
1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental
Jawapan: D · A patient who has not eaten or drunk anything for two days
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Maslow places physiological needs, such as food and fluids, before safety, love and belonging, esteem and self-actualisation. A patient who is not eating or drinking has the most basic unmet need.
Jawapan
D · A patient who has not eaten or drunk anything for two days
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental
Jawapan: A · Naltrexone blocks opioid analgesics, so pain relief needs to be planned differently
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Naltrexone blocks opioid receptors, so usual opioid doses may not work, and attempts to overcome the block with high doses can be dangerous. The team needs to know so that analgesia can be planned safely.
Jawapan
A · Naltrexone blocks opioid analgesics, so pain relief needs to be planned differently
3.Psikologi klinikal
Jawapan: A · Mencegah kambuh pada orang yang mengalami kemurungan berulang
Mengapa ini jawapannya
MBCT menggabungkan amalan kesedaran penuh dengan terapi kognitif. Ujian menunjukkan ia mengurangkan kambuh pada orang yang pernah mengalami tiga atau lebih episod kemurungan.
Jawapan
A · Mencegah kambuh pada orang yang mengalami kemurungan berulang
4.Psikologi klinikal
Jawapan: A · Delirium, yang memerlukan pencarian punca fizikal atau ubat
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Permulaan akut dengan perhatian yang berubah-ubah mencadangkan delirium, kecemasan perubatan dengan punca seperti ubat, jangkitan atau dehidrasi. Demensia berkembang secara beransur-ansur selama beberapa bulan hingga tahun.
Jawapan
A · Delirium, yang memerlukan pencarian punca fizikal atau ubat
5.Farmakologi
Jawapan: A · Do not stop the drug suddenly, as this can trigger severe seizures
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Abrupt withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs can cause rebound seizures and even status epilepticus. Any change is made gradually under medical supervision.
Jawapan
A · Do not stop the drug suddenly, as this can trigger severe seizures
6.Farmakologi
Jawapan: C · Alpha-1 vasoconstriction raises blood pressure and causes reflex bradycardia
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Phenylephrine is a pure alpha-1 agonist with little direct cardiac action. The higher blood pressure activates baroreceptors, which increase vagal tone and slow the heart.
Jawapan
C · Alpha-1 vasoconstriction raises blood pressure and causes reflex bradycardia