Kejururawatan Kesihatan Mental: pek ulang kaji kilat

Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 6 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.

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1Formula dan kaedah

Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Kaedah

  1. Tentukan sama ada terdapat risiko segera: bunuh diri, keganasan, kecemasan akibat ubat atau penyakit fizikal.
  2. Bertindak untuk keselamatan dahulu: perhatikan, alihkan alat yang boleh digunakan, redakan ketegangan, hentikan ubat yang berbahaya, dapatkan bantuan.
  3. Pilih respons terapeutik: akui perasaan, kemukakan realiti, elakkan jaminan palsu dan soalan “mengapa”.
  4. Hormati hak: pilihan yang paling kurang menyekat, persetujuan dan kerahsiaan beserta hadnya.

2Soalan latihan

1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSederhana

A patient taking an antipsychotic is going on a summer day trip. What should the nurse teach?

  1. AExercise as hard as possible in the heat to burn off the extra weight
  2. BDrink enough fluids and avoid overheating, because the medicine can affect temperature control
  3. CStop the medicine for the day so that it does not interact with the sunlight and cause a dangerous reaction
  4. DAvoid all fluids so that there is less need to find a toilet
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSukar

A patient finds clothes in her wardrobe she does not remember buying, has gaps in her memory and is called by different names by people she does not know. Which condition is most likely?

  1. ADissociative identity disorder
  2. BBorderline personality disorder
  3. CSchizophrenia
  4. DBipolar I disorder
3.Psikologi klinikalSederhana

Klozapin lazimnya dikhaskan untuk skizofrenia tahan rawatan kerana:

  1. AIa hanya berkesan pada gejala negatif
  2. BIa boleh menyebabkan agranulositosis, jadi pemantauan darah berkala diperlukan
  3. CIa tidak boleh diambil sebagai tablet
  4. DIa antipsikotik yang paling kurang berkesan, jadi ia pilihan terakhir
4.Psikologi klinikalSukar

Ayllon dan Azrin memperkenalkan ekonomi token di wad psikiatri. Apakah penemuan utama dan batasannya?

  1. AKaedah ini menyembuhkan skizofrenia dalam beberapa minggu
  2. BToken tidak mempunyai kesan pada tingkah laku
  3. CTingkah laku sasaran meningkat, tetapi keuntungan sering tidak diitlakkan di luar wad
  4. DHalusinasi pesakit hilang secara kekal, dan keuntungan itu bertahan selepas discaj
5.FarmakologiSederhana

Long-term use of metformin can cause a deficiency of which vitamin?

  1. AVitamin A
  2. BVitamin D
  3. CVitamin K
  4. DVitamin B12
6.FarmakologiSukar

A woman with epilepsy who takes an antiepileptic drug plans to become pregnant. Which advice is standard?

  1. AStop all antiepileptic drugs straight away as soon as she stops contraception
  2. BTake folic acid before conception and seek specialist review of her medication
  3. CNo change is needed, as antiepileptics carry no risk in pregnancy
  4. DAvoid folic acid because it lowers drug levels

3Larutan

1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Jawapan: B · Drink enough fluids and avoid overheating, because the medicine can affect temperature control

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Antipsychotics, especially those with anticholinergic effects, can impair sweating and thermoregulation, increasing the risk of heat stroke. Hydration, shade and avoiding strenuous activity in the heat are advised.

Jawapan

B · Drink enough fluids and avoid overheating, because the medicine can affect temperature control
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Jawapan: A · Dissociative identity disorder

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Dissociative identity disorder involves two or more distinct personality states with recurrent gaps in memory. It is strongly linked to severe, repeated trauma in childhood. It is different from schizophrenia, which is a psychotic disorder.

Jawapan

A · Dissociative identity disorder
3.Psikologi klinikal

Jawapan: B · Ia boleh menyebabkan agranulositosis, jadi pemantauan darah berkala diperlukan

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Klozapin berkesan apabila antipsikotik lain gagal, tetapi ia boleh menyebabkan penurunan neutrofil yang berbahaya, jadi pesakit memerlukan ujian darah berkala.

Jawapan

B · Ia boleh menyebabkan agranulositosis, jadi pemantauan darah berkala diperlukan
4.Psikologi klinikal

Jawapan: C · Tingkah laku sasaran meningkat, tetapi keuntungan sering tidak diitlakkan di luar wad

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Ekonomi token meningkatkan tingkah laku penjagaan diri dan kerja pada pesakit jangka panjang, tetapi perubahan cenderung pudar tanpa peneguhan, dan pendekatan ini menimbulkan kebimbangan etika tentang kawalan.

Jawapan

C · Tingkah laku sasaran meningkat, tetapi keuntungan sering tidak diitlakkan di luar wad
5.Farmakologi

Jawapan: D · Vitamin B12

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Metformin reduces vitamin B12 absorption in the ileum. Deficiency can cause anaemia and neuropathy, so levels may be checked in long-term users.

Jawapan

D · Vitamin B12
6.Farmakologi

Jawapan: B · Take folic acid before conception and seek specialist review of her medication

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Folic acid before and in early pregnancy reduces the risk of neural tube defects. Medication should be reviewed before conception, but drugs should not be stopped suddenly because uncontrolled seizures are also dangerous.

Jawapan

B · Take folic acid before conception and seek specialist review of her medication

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing