Hormati hak: pilihan yang paling kurang menyekat, persetujuan dan kerahsiaan beserta hadnya.
2Soalan latihan
1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSederhana
When is the risk of suicide particularly high for patients after psychiatric inpatient care?
AOnly while the patient is asleep in hospital
BIn the first weeks after discharge
COnly after one year at home
DThere is no change in risk after discharge
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSukar
The parent of a child recently diagnosed with autism asks, "Did his vaccines cause this?" What is the most accurate response?
A"Yes, the MMR vaccine is a proven cause of autism."
B"We don't know, so it is best to stop all of his other vaccines."
C"Large studies have found no link between vaccines and autism."
D"Autism is caused by cold and distant parenting styles in early childhood."
3.Psikologi klinikalSederhana
Dalam model kognitif kemurungan Beck, "triad kognitif" terdiri daripada pandangan negatif tentang:
AMasa lalu, masa kini dan masa depan seseorang sahaja
BBadan, minda dan roh
CIbu bapa, rakan dan guru
DDiri sendiri, dunia dan masa depan
4.Psikologi klinikalSukar
Bukti manakah yang paling menyokong CBT sebagai rawatan untuk gangguan kebimbangan, dan bukan kesan plasebo?
AKlien berkata mereka menyukai ahli terapi mereka
BCBT lebih murah daripada ubat
CCBT telah digunakan selama lebih daripada lima puluh tahun
DUjian rawak menunjukkan CBT mengatasi keadaan kawalan perhatian-plasebo yang boleh dipercayai
5.FarmakologiSederhana
When should a patient take a once-daily proton pump inhibitor such as omeprazole?
AOnly when heartburn is severe
BWith a glass of milk at bedtime, when acid output is highest
CAbout 30–60 minutes before the first meal of the day
DStraight after a large evening meal
6.FarmakologiSukar
A patient taking metoprolol is also started on verapamil. Which adverse effect is most likely?
ASevere bradycardia and heart block
BHypoglycaemia and weight gain
CRebound tachycardia and hypertension
DHyperkalaemia and muscle weakness
3Larutan
1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental
Jawapan: B · In the first weeks after discharge
Mengapa ini jawapannya
The period shortly after discharge carries a high risk of suicide. Early follow-up, a safety plan and clear crisis contacts help bridge the transition.
Jawapan
B · In the first weeks after discharge
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental
Jawapan: C · "Large studies have found no link between vaccines and autism."
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Large, well-conducted studies have found no link between vaccines and autism, and the paper that first claimed a link was retracted. Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition with strong genetic contributions.
Jawapan
C · "Large studies have found no link between vaccines and autism."
3.Psikologi klinikal
Jawapan: D · Diri sendiri, dunia dan masa depan
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Beck mencadangkan bahawa orang yang murung mempunyai pandangan negatif tentang diri, dunia (atau pengalaman) dan masa depan, yang dikekalkan oleh herotan kognitif.
Jawapan
D · Diri sendiri, dunia dan masa depan
4.Psikologi klinikal
Jawapan: D · Ujian rawak menunjukkan CBT mengatasi keadaan kawalan perhatian-plasebo yang boleh dipercayai
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Menunjukkan keunggulan berbanding kawalan plasebo yang boleh dipercayai menyingkirkan faktor tidak khusus sebagai satu-satunya penjelasan. Banyak ujian dan meta-analisis melaporkan ini bagi CBT dalam gangguan kebimbangan.
Jawapan
D · Ujian rawak menunjukkan CBT mengatasi keadaan kawalan perhatian-plasebo yang boleh dipercayai
5.Farmakologi
Jawapan: C · About 30–60 minutes before the first meal of the day
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Proton pump inhibitors block pumps that are active, so they work best when taken before breakfast. Food then activates the pumps when the drug level is high.
Jawapan
C · About 30–60 minutes before the first meal of the day
6.Farmakologi
Jawapan: A · Severe bradycardia and heart block
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Beta blockers and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (verapamil, diltiazem) both slow heart rate and AV conduction. Together they can cause severe bradycardia, heart block and heart failure.