Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Why must a respirator such as an FFP3 or N95 mask be fit-tested?

1. AFit-testing makes the mask reusable for a week
2. BIt must be tested to check it is the right colour
3. CFit-testing checks whether the patient is still infectious
4. DIt only protects if it seals closely to the wearer's face

What is the best way to check that a patient has learned to use an inhaler correctly?

1. AAsk whether they have any questions
2. BAsk whether they have read the leaflet
3. CAsk the patient to show how they use it
4. DAsk them to repeat the drug's name

A woman who is pregnant asks for the MMR vaccine because she is not immune to rubella. What is correct?

1. AMMR is a live vaccine and is not given during pregnancy, but can be given after delivery
2. BMMR is safe at any stage of pregnancy
3. CMMR should be given as soon as possible in the first trimester to protect the baby
4. DMMR is only given to pregnant women who work in hospitals

An audit shows poor hand hygiene compliance on a ward. Which plan is most likely to improve it?

1. ARemoving all sinks so staff must use hand rub
2. BA single poster about hand hygiene placed in the staff room
3. CA combined approach with education, hand rub at every bedside, regular audits and feedback
4. DDisciplining staff who are seen not cleaning their hands, with no other change

Which patient on an addiction unit should the nurse see first?

1. ALast drink this morning; asking when lunch will arrive
2. BLast drink one week ago; asking about support groups
3. CIn recovery for a year; came to the clinic today for a routine check and a repeat prescription
4. DLast drink two days ago; now shaking, sweating, heart rate 124/min and seeing insects

An older patient has bruises of different ages and seems frightened when a relative visits. What is the nurse’s priority?

1. ATell the patient she must leave home and go to live somewhere else
2. BIgnore it, because older people bruise easily
3. CAsk the relative directly in front of the patient whether they hit her
4. DEnsure the patient’s safety, document the findings and report as required

How is Helicobacter pylori infection usually treated?

1. AA single dose of paracetamol and a bland diet for a week
2. BA combination of antibiotics with a proton pump inhibitor
3. CAntacids alone, taken after every meal for a month
4. DSurgery to remove the stomach

A patient has a high fever with rigors, jaundice and right upper quadrant pain. Which condition is most likely?

1. AGastro-oesophageal reflux disease
2. BAscending cholangitis
3. CAcute appendicitis
4. DSimple biliary colic

Seorang pesakit yang sedar dengan glukosa darah 54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) telah mengambil 15 g karbohidrat bertindak pantas. Bilakah glukosa patut diperiksa semula?

1. APagi esok
2. BPada waktu makan seterusnya
3. CSelepas kira-kira 15 minit
4. DSelepas kira-kira 2 jam

Keputusan pesakit manakah yang patut dilaporkan dahulu oleh jururawat?

1. AKreatinin 1.6 mg/dL (141 µmol/L) pada pesakit CKD stabil yang diketahui
2. BKolesterol keseluruhan sedikit di atas sasaran
3. CGlukosa 42 mg/dL (2.3 mmol/L) pada pesakit yang berpeluh dan keliru
4. DHbA1c 7.4% (57 mmol/mol) pada pesakit diabetes jenis 2

Which description fits tardive dyskinesia?

1. AInvoluntary movements of the lips, tongue and face after long-term antipsychotic use
2. BA sudden painful spasm of the neck muscles and upward rolling of the eyes within days of the first dose
3. CHigh fever with lead-pipe rigidity and confusion
4. DA low white cell count with sore throat and fever

Five days after starting clindamycin, a patient has frequent watery diarrhoea, abdominal cramps and a fever. What should the nurse suspect and do?

1. AFood poisoning; encourage a high-fibre diet and plenty of milk products
2. BAn allergy to clindamycin; give an antihistamine and continue the antibiotic
3. CA normal side effect; give loperamide and continue as usual
4. DC. difficile infection; send stool, use contact precautions, avoid antidiarrhoeals

After a bronchoscopy with throat anaesthesia, when can the patient eat and drink?

1. AAfter a full 24 hours without food
2. BWhen the gag and cough reflexes have returned
3. COnly after a chest X-ray has been reported
4. DImmediately after the scope is removed

A patient with severe sepsis becomes increasingly breathless over 24 hours. SpO₂ stays low despite high-flow oxygen, and the chest X-ray shows bilateral infiltrates. The heart function is normal. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAcute left ventricular failure after an MI
2. BAcute respiratory distress syndrome
3. CAn acute asthma attack
4. DSpontaneous pneumothorax

A patient with Graves' eye disease has gritty eyes and swelling around them in the morning. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. ASmoking more will not affect the eyes
2. BUse lubricating drops and sleep with the head raised
3. CStay in bright sunlight to dry the eyes
4. DRub the eyes firmly each morning to reduce the swelling

A patient with long-standing diabetes suddenly has many new floaters and painless loss of vision in one eye. What is most likely, and what is needed?

1. AA migraine aura, needing pain relief
2. BNormal ageing of the lens, needing new glasses
3. CA bleed into the eye from retinopathy, needing urgent review
4. DDry eyes, needing lubricating drops

Which presentation fits acute diverticulitis?

1. ACentral chest pain spreading to the left arm
2. BPainless jaundice with a palpable gallbladder
3. CRight upper abdominal pain after fatty meals
4. DLeft lower abdominal pain, fever and a raised CRP

Seorang pesakit yang dipasang stent koronari dua bulan lalu, mengambil aspirin dan klopidogrel, hadir dengan melena dan kini stabil. Apakah pendekatan yang paling sesuai terhadap ubat antiplatelet?

1. AMenghentikan kedua-dua ubat secara kekal, kerana sebarang pendarahan bermakna ia tidak lagi selamat
2. BMelaporkan pendarahan; pasukan memutuskan dengan input kardiologi, menimbang pendarahan berbanding trombosis stent
3. CMenggandakan kedua-dua dos, kerana pendarahan bermakna stent berisiko lebih besar untuk berbekuan
4. DMeneruskan kedua-dua ubat tanpa perubahan dan tidak menyebut pendarahan kepada pasukan

Which newborn finding is commonly associated with Down syndrome?

1. AA high-pitched cry and tremors
2. BAbundant vernix and lanugo
3. CLong nails and peeling skin
4. DA single palmar crease and low tone

On abdominal palpation, the nurse feels a hard, round, movable mass in the fundus, and the fetal heart is heard above the umbilicus. What does this suggest?

1. AA breech presentation
2. BA transverse lie with the head in the pelvis
3. CA cephalic presentation
4. DAn occiput posterior position

A child's tonic–clonic seizure has lasted more than 5 minutes. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the prescribed rescue medicine and call for emergency help
2. BHold the child's arms and legs firmly to stop the movements
3. CPut a tongue depressor between the child's teeth
4. DWait another 15 minutes, because most seizures stop on their own

A 6-month-old has just learned to roll over. Which safety advice is most urgent now?

1. AInstall locks on all kitchen cupboards and drawers
2. BNever leave her alone on a changing table, bed or sofa
3. CTeach her not to touch the hot oven door
4. DTurn pan handles towards the back of the stove and fit a guard around the cooker

Tingkah laku manakah yang merupakan tanda amaran kemungkinan niat bunuh diri pada pesakit yang mengalami kemurungan?

1. AMembuat rancangan untuk percutian keluarga
2. BMeminta bantuan dengan permohonan kerja untuk selepas discaj
3. CBercakap tentang muzik kegemaran mereka
4. DMemberikan harta yang dihargai dan tiba-tiba kelihatan tenang

A caller says she is a patient's sister and asks how he is doing. The patient has not given consent to share information. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive a full update, because she is a close family member
2. BTell her that he is on the ward but refuse to say anything else about his care or condition
3. CNeither confirm nor deny that he is there, and offer to pass on a message
4. DAsk her to prove she is his sister and then share the details

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Suhu seorang pesakit ialah 95.7 °F. Tukarkan kepada darjah Celsius T dengan °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu preskripsi berbunyi 1½ tsp ampaian oral tiga kali sehari selama 10 hari. Ampaian itu datang dalam botol 50 mL. Dengan menggunakan 1 tsp = 5 mL, berapa botol penuh N yang mesti dibekalkan supaya kursus rawatan lengkap?

Seorang pesakit berberat 18 kg. Dos yang dipreskripsikan ialah 5 mg/kg sehari, diberi dalam 3 dos yang sama. Berapakah miligram D yang diberi bagi setiap dos?

Seorang kanak-kanak berberat 8 kg dipreskripsi 15 mg/kg setiap dos suspensi oral yang mengandungi 40 mg dalam 1 mL. Berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

1000 mL diarahkan selama 10 jam. Selepas 8 jam anda mendapati 250 mL masih ada dalam beg, dan arahan itu mesti masih siap tepat pada masanya. Kepada kadar R dalam mL/j berapakah pam mesti ditetapkan semula?

Satu beg mengandungi 200 mg ubat dalam 100 mL dan berjalan pada 5 mL/j. Berapa miligram sejam D yang diterima pesakit?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 500 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 100 mL/j. Pada 11:30, 150 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit mempunyai nadi 104/min dan tekanan darah 166/108 mmHg. Cari indeks kejutan SI = HR/SBP. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Pada 5 minit selepas lahir, seorang bayi baru lahir latihan mempunyai kulit biru atau pucat di seluruh badan, kadar denyutan jantung 85/min, berkerut muka apabila dirangsang, sedikit fleksi pada lengan dan kaki dan tidak bernafas. Skorkan APGAR dan klik bagaimana skor itu ditafsirkan.

1. 1menenangkan
2. 2tidak normal secara sederhana
3. 3rendah