Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

A patient asks to see their own health records. What is correct in the UK?

1. APatients can only see their records once they have been discharged
2. BPatients can see their records only with a court order
3. CPatients have a legal right to request access to their records
4. DOnly doctors are allowed to see health records

During tracheal suction a patient's SpO₂ falls from 95% to 85% and the heart rate drops. What should the nurse do?

1. AContinue until all the secretions have been removed from the airway
2. BStop suctioning and give oxygen until the patient recovers
3. CInsert the catheter further into the airway
4. DIncrease the suction pressure to finish faster

A patient is on a ventilator. Which bed position helps to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia?

1. ALying completely flat
2. BHead of the bed raised about 10 degrees
3. CTrendelenburg position
4. DHead of the bed raised 30 to 45 degrees

A patient in a vest restraint has slid down in bed, and the vest is pressing against the neck. What should the nurse do first?

1. ATighten the vest so the patient cannot slide down again
2. BCall the provider to ask about a different restraint
3. CWrite a note about the event in the chart
4. DRelease the restraint at once and reposition the patient

A patient on a nasal cannula at 6 L/min still has a low SpO₂. What should the nurse do?

1. ATurn the nasal cannula up to 15 L/min
2. BRemove the oxygen to see if the SpO₂ changes
3. CRecheck the SpO₂ at the next routine set of observations in four hours
4. DReport it, because a different oxygen device is likely to be needed

A child who had a tonsillectomy this morning is swallowing again and again while asleep. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA sore throat from the breathing tube
2. BNormal swallowing during sleep
3. CBleeding from the operation site
4. DHunger after fasting for surgery

A patient on peritoneal dialysis notices the drained fluid has become cloudy and has abdominal pain. What is likely?

1. AA urinary tract infection
2. BPeritonitis
3. CConstipation
4. DNormal dialysis fluid

An older patient's blood pressure is 142/80 mmHg lying and 116/72 mmHg after standing for three minutes, and they feel dizzy. What does this show?

1. ANormal blood pressure variation
2. BWhite coat hypertension
3. CPostural hypotension
4. DHypertensive emergency

A patient takes high-dose biotin supplements for hair and nails. Why should the nurse report this before blood tests?

1. ABiotin makes the blood clot in the tube before testing
2. BBiotin can distort some immunoassays, such as troponin or TSH
3. CBiotin causes a true rise in blood glucose in all patients
4. DBiotin lowers the hemoglobin by destroying the red cells

Which patient's result should the nurse act on first?

1. AFerritin 15 ng/mL in a well patient with known iron-deficiency anemia on oral iron
2. BPlatelets 140 × 10³/µL in a patient with mild chronic liver disease
3. CHemoglobin 6.4 g/dL (64 g/L) with new chest pain and a pulse of 124/min
4. DHemoglobin 9.6 g/dL (96 g/L) in a patient with stable chronic kidney disease

An adult patient is due to receive digoxin. The apical pulse, counted for a full minute, is 52 beats per minute. What should the nurse do?

1. AWithhold the dose and notify the prescriber
2. BGive half the dose and document the pulse
3. CGive the dose and recheck the pulse in one hour
4. DGive the dose with food to slow absorption

Carboprost is a prostaglandin used for postpartum haemorrhage. In which woman should it be avoided?

1. AA woman who had a vaginal birth
2. BA woman with asthma
3. CA woman with iron deficiency anaemia
4. DA woman who is breastfeeding

A patient stops ramipril because of a troublesome dry cough. Which drug class is a common alternative?

1. AA nitrate such as isosorbide mononitrate
2. BA loop diuretic such as furosemide
3. CA non-selective beta-blocker such as propranolol
4. DAn angiotensin II receptor blocker such as losartan

The stump of a recent below-knee amputation suddenly bleeds heavily through the dressing. What should the nurse do first?

1. AApply a warm compress to the stump
2. BEncourage the patient to walk on crutches to ease the pressure
3. CApply firm direct pressure and call for urgent surgical help
4. DRemove all the dressings and wait for the bleeding to stop by itself

Why may a person with long-standing diabetes have a heart attack without typical chest pain?

1. APeople with diabetes do not have heart attacks
2. BHigh glucose protects the heart from pain
3. CInsulin acts as a strong painkiller
4. DNerve damage can blunt the pain signals

Seorang pesakit CKD mempunyai hemoglobin 92 g/L dan memulakan agen perangsang eritropoiesis (ESA). Apakah yang patut dipantau oleh jururawat?

1. ATekanan darah dan hemoglobin, kerana peningkatan berlebihan menaikkan risiko bekuan
2. BPendengaran, kerana ESA boleh merosakkan telinga dalam
3. CGlukosa darah, kerana ESA sering menyebabkan hipoglisemia
4. DEnzim hati, kerana ESA toksik kepada hati

Which advice helps a person with diabetes prevent foot ulcers?

1. AWear tight shoes to support the ankles
2. BSoak the feet in very hot water every evening
3. CCheck the feet every day and never walk barefoot
4. DCut corns off at home with a sharp blade

A patient is splashed in the eye with an alkaline cleaning product. What is the first action?

1. AAsk the patient to rub the eye to clear it
2. BCover the eye with a pad and wait for a doctor to examine it first
3. CIrrigate the eye at once with large volumes of water or saline
4. DAdd a few drops of vinegar to neutralise it

A woman receiving an oxytocin infusion for many hours has a headache, confusion and very little urine. Which complication is suspected?

1. ASpinal headache
2. BWater intoxication
3. CHypoglycaemia
4. DMagnesium toxicity

A woman at 30 weeks is in a minor car accident. She feels fine and has no bleeding. What should the nurse advise?

1. ACome in only if she bleeds within a week
2. BStay at home because there is no bleeding
3. CTake a warm bath and rest
4. DCome in for fetal monitoring even without symptoms

If the MMR and varicella vaccines are not given on the same day, what is the general rule?

1. ASeparate them by at least 1 week
2. BSeparate them by at least 4 weeks
3. CNever give both vaccines in the same year
4. DGive the second within 24 hours of the first

A 3-month-old has large, flat, blue-grey patches over the lower back and buttocks. The parents say they have been there since birth. What is the best action?

1. ADocument them with size and location as congenital dermal melanocytosis (Mongolian spots)
2. BApply cold packs several times a day to reduce the discoloration
3. CReport them straight away to the safeguarding team as suspected physical abuse
4. DRequest urgent clotting tests and a full blood count to look for a bleeding disorder

Why is the nurse's body language important in therapeutic communication?

1. APatients with mental illness cannot understand non-verbal signals
2. BIt is only important during the termination phase
3. CBody language matters only when patients cannot speak the same language
4. DPatients often respond more to non-verbal messages than to the words used

A woman with a severe intellectual disability and limited speech has started hitting her face and refusing food. What should the nurse consider first?

1. AA physical cause such as dental pain, an ear infection or constipation
2. BThat the behaviour is part of her disability and needs no assessment
3. CThat she needs an antipsychotic to control her behaviour
4. DThat she is trying to manipulate the staff

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit setinggi 5 kaki 6 inci. Dengan menggunakan 1 kaki = 12 inci dan 1 inci = 2.54 cm, cari ketinggian h dalam sentimeter, kepada sentimeter bulat yang terdekat.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi bermula pada 18:10 dan tamat pada 01:35 keesokan paginya (jam 24 jam). Berapa minit t ia berjalan?

Seorang kanak-kanak seberat 18 kg dipreskripsikan 4 mg/kg ubat. Larutan stok mengandungi 10 mg/mL. Sedut dos itu: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Seorang kanak-kanak berberat 16 kg dipreskripsi 20 mg/kg setiap dos suspensi oral yang mengandungi 100 mg dalam 5 mL. Berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Infuskan 250 mL selama 5 jam dengan set pemberian 60 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit.

Satu beg mengandungi 500 mg ubat dalam 250 mL dan berjalan pada 25 mL/j. Berapa miligram sejam D yang diterima pesakit?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Pesakit berberat 75 kg. Cari pengeluaran air kencing purata U dalam mL/kg/j. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 1000 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 50 mL/j. Pada 12:00, 750 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit mempunyai nadi 125/min dan tekanan darah 137/75 mmHg. Cari indeks kejutan SI = HR/SBP. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang dewasa seberat 84 kg dan setinggi 158 cm. Kira BMI dan klik kategori berat WHO.

1. 1kekurangan berat badan
2. 2berat badan sihat
3. 3berat badan berlebihan
4. 4obesiti kelas I
5. 5obesiti kelas II
6. 6obesiti kelas III