Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

In which direction should a female patient's perineum be cleaned?

1. AEither way, as long as soap is used
2. BIn circles starting at the anus
3. CFrom back to front
4. DFrom front to back

Bilakah teknik "bersih" (bukan steril) boleh diterima sebagai ganti teknik aseptik?

1. AUntuk prosedur yang tidak memasuki kawasan badan yang steril, seperti memberi ubat oral
2. BUntuk memasukkan kateter kencing
3. CUntuk memasukkan kateter vena pusat
4. DUntuk membalut luka pembedahan baharu di dewan bedah, dengan syarat sarung tangan tidak steril dipakai sepanjang masa

A nurse gives part of a dose of an opioid from a vial and must discard the rest. What is correct?

1. ADiscard it alone in the sink and document the amount wasted later in the shift
2. BKeep the rest for the patient’s next dose
3. CDiscard it in front of a second licensed (registered) nurse, who witnesses and documents it
4. DReturn the rest to the patient’s medication drawer

A nurse teaches a patient who has had a splenectomy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will get medical help quickly if I get a high temperature.”
2. B“I will tell all of my health care providers that I have no spleen.”
3. C“Now that my spleen is out, a fever is nothing to worry about.”
4. D“I will keep my vaccinations up to date.”

A patient reports pain of 8/10. Before giving the prescribed as-needed analgesic, what does the nurse do first?

1. AAsk the nursing assistant to reposition the patient
2. BTell the patient to wait until the next scheduled dose is due in two hours
3. CAssess the location, character and onset of the pain and the vital signs
4. DGive the strongest analgesic on the chart straight away

An older adult with type 2 diabetes is confused and very dehydrated. The glucose is 900 mg/dL (50 mmol/L), and blood and urine show no significant ketones. What is the most likely problem?

1. AHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
2. BDiabetic ketoacidosis
3. CHypoglycemia with rebound
4. DStress-induced mild hyperglycemia

Which group of symptoms suggests hypothyroidism?

1. AExcessive thirst and passing large volumes of urine
2. BTiredness, weight gain and feeling cold
3. CWeight loss, heat intolerance and tremor
4. DFever, neck stiffness and photophobia

Penilaian kejururawatan manakah yang paling membantu mengesan kemerosotan awal pada pesakit selepas pembedahan besar?

1. ABertanya pesakit sama ada mereka berasa sihat sahaja
2. BMengukur suhu sekali sehari
3. CSet pemerhatian lengkap secara berkala dengan skor amaran awal dan semakan trend
4. DMemeriksa luka hanya semasa pelepasan

A patient with type 2 diabetes starts prednisone each morning. When is the glucose most likely to be highest?

1. AIn the afternoon and evening
2. BThe glucose will not change
3. CAt midnight only
4. DIn the early morning, before the dose

The nurse teaches a patient about the HbA1c test. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"My daily finger-stick readings still matter between the tests"
2. B"The test shows my average glucose over the past few months"
3. C"I must not eat anything for 12 hours before the HbA1c test"
4. D"A lower result means less risk of damage to my eyes and kidneys"

Pesakit yang mengambil metronidazol biasanya dinasihatkan mengelakkan:

1. AJus limau gedang
2. BAlkohol
3. CProduk tenusu
4. DCahaya matahari

A noradrenaline infusion is running through a peripheral cannula. The skin around the site becomes pale, cold and hard. What should the nurse do?

1. AApply heat and massage the area, then continue the infusion
2. BLeave the infusion running and recheck in 4 hours
3. CIncrease the rate to improve blood flow to the area
4. DStop the infusion at that site and follow the extravasation protocol

A patient arrives with suspected cardiac chest pain. How soon should a 12-lead ECG be recorded?

1. AThe following morning
2. BWithin about 10 minutes of arrival
3. CWithin 2 hours of arrival
4. DOnly after the troponin result is available

A nurse phones the doctor about a patient with pneumonia whose observations are worsening. Using SBAR, which statement is the clearest "recommendation"?

1. A"I think he may have sepsis; please review him within 30 minutes."
2. B"I am calling about the patient in bed 6."
3. C"He is 72 and was admitted yesterday with community-acquired pneumonia."
4. D"His heart rate is 124/min, his BP is 88/50 mmHg and he is confused."

Apakah pencetus paling lazim disrefleksia autonomi pada pesakit dengan kecederaan saraf tunjang?

1. ATempoh tidur yang panjang
2. BHidangan besar yang dimakan terlalu cepat pada waktu malam
3. CAras glukosa darah yang rendah
4. DPundi kencing penuh atau kateter tersumbat

A patient's potassium is 7.1 mmol/L, and the ECG shows peaked T waves and broad QRS complexes. What is the first treatment?

1. AIV calcium gluconate
2. BOral potassium binder
3. CIV furosemide
4. DOral sodium bicarbonate

When breaking bad news, what is the first step in frameworks such as SPIKES?

1. AGive the diagnosis as quickly as possible in the corridor
2. BAsk the family to decide what the patient should be told
3. CSet up a private setting with enough time
4. DGive all treatment options before checking understanding

A patient finds daily wound dressing changes very painful. What is the most effective nursing approach?

1. AChange the dressing less often than the plan says
2. BGive analgesia timed so it works during the dressing change
3. CDo the dressing quickly and give analgesia afterwards
4. DAvoid analgesia so the patient can report any problems during the change

A woman with epilepsy is planning a pregnancy. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AAvoid folic acid because it lowers drug levels
2. BBreastfeeding will never be possible
3. CReview her medicines with her doctor before conception
4. DStop all antiepileptic drugs before trying to conceive

A woman who had a stillbirth asks the nurse why it happened. What is the most appropriate response?

1. ATell her it was probably something she ate
2. BChange the subject to avoid upsetting her
3. CAcknowledge her grief; tests may find a cause
4. DTell her she should not have exercised

Dapatan manakah pada pemeriksaan 18 bulan yang memerlukan rujukan untuk penilaian perkembangan?

1. AKanak-kanak belum berjalan sendiri
2. BKanak-kanak hanya menyebut beberapa perkataan
3. CKanak-kanak bermain di sebelah kanak-kanak lain dan bukan bersama mereka
4. DKanak-kanak takut kepada orang asing

Which practice most reduces the risk of errors with high-alert medicines such as insulin or opioid infusions in children?

1. ARounding doses up to the nearest whole number to keep things simple
2. BAn independent double check by a second nurse before giving the medicine
3. CChecking the dose only when the drug is given for the first time
4. DAsking the child's parent to look at the syringe and confirm that the dose looks right

How does obsessive-compulsive personality disorder differ from obsessive-compulsive disorder?

1. AIt starts suddenly in later life after a stressful event and goes away on its own within a few months
2. BIt is a lasting pattern of perfectionism and control without true obsessions and compulsions
3. CPeople with it always feel that their behaviour is senseless and unwanted
4. DIt always involves repeated hand washing and checking rituals

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil klozapin mempunyai suhu 38.5 °C dan sakit tekak. Apakah keutamaannya?

1. AMemberitahu pesakit ia mungkin selsema biasa, galakkan cecair dan teruskan klozapin seperti biasa
2. BTunggu sehingga ujian darah rutin seterusnya
3. CLaporkan dengan segera supaya kiraan darah penuh dengan neutrofil dapat diperiksa sebelum dos seterusnya
4. DBeri parasetamol dan teruskan klozapin seperti biasa

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Suhu seorang pesakit ialah 99.8 °F. Tukarkan kepada darjah Celsius T dengan °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi memberikan 6 mg/h. Nyatakan kadar dos ini D dalam mcg/min. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Dos 100 mg diperlukan daripada larutan 5% (b/i). Isi padu V manakah yang mengandungi dos ini?

Anda perlu menyediakan 250 mL larutan 5% (w/v) daripada larutan stok 20% (w/v). Berapakah isi padu stok V₁ yang anda perlukan?

Infuskan 1000 mL selama 12 jam dengan set pemberian 10 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit. Bundarkan kepada nombor bulat yang terdekat.

Satu beg mengandungi 500 mg ubat dalam 250 mL dan berjalan pada 5 mL/j. Berapa miligram sejam D yang diterima pesakit?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 8 jam. Pesakit berberat 65 kg. Cari pengeluaran air kencing purata U dalam mL/kg/j. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 500 mL berjalan dengan pam pada 80 mL/j. Pada 18:30, 150 mL telah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t sehingga beg kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan selepas kecederaan kepala membuka mata hanya kepada tekanan (rangsangan menyakitkan), hanya mengeluarkan bunyi yang tidak difahami seperti mengerang dan menunjukkan respons motor terbaik: ekstensi lengan dan kaki (ekstensi tidak normal). Tentukan GCS dan klasifikasikan kecederaan kepala mengikutnya. Klik jawapan anda.

1. 1ringan
2. 2sederhana
3. 3teruk

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang dewasa seberat 70 kg dan setinggi 161 cm. Kira BMI dan klik kategori berat WHO.

1. 1kekurangan berat badan
2. 2berat badan sihat
3. 3berat badan berlebihan
4. 4obesiti kelas I
5. 5obesiti kelas II
6. 6obesiti kelas III