Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Where in the eye should eye drops be placed?

1. ADirectly onto the centre of the cornea
2. BOnto the upper eyelid while the eye is shut
3. CInto the pocket of the lower eyelid
4. DInto the inner corner of the eye only

A patient has been taught breathing exercises before surgery. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll avoid coughing so I don't hurt my stitches."
2. B"I'll take some slow deep breaths every hour."
3. C"I'll ask for pain relief if pain stops me breathing deeply."
4. D"I'll hold a pillow over the wound when I cough."

A nurse finds an unlabeled syringe of clear fluid on the medication counter. What should the nurse do?

1. ADiscard it, because its contents cannot be confirmed
2. BLabel it with the most likely drug name
3. CAsk nearby staff and use it if someone recognizes it
4. DGive it to the patient whose medication is due

Seorang jururawat tidak pasti sama ada sarung tangan steril menyentuh tepi medan steril. Apakah tindakan yang betul?

1. ABertanya kepada pesakit sama ada dia melihatnya
2. BMengelap sarung tangan dengan alkohol
3. CMeneruskan, kerana jururawat itu tidak pasti
4. DMenganggap sarung tangan itu tercemar dan menukarnya

A patient speaks little English, and the nurse needs to explain a new procedure. What is the best way to communicate?

1. ASpeak loudly and slowly in English
2. BUse a professional medical interpreter
3. CAsk the patient’s 10-year-old child to translate
4. DUse hand gestures and hope the patient understands

An adult has burns over 40% of the body with no signs of airway injury. Which treatment is the priority during the first hours?

1. AStarting physiotherapy to prevent contractures straight away
2. BApplying antibiotic cream to all the burns before anything else
3. CGiving a high-protein meal to support healing
4. DLarge-volume IV fluids with close monitoring of urine output

What should the nurse regularly check for a patient with a syringe driver?

1. AOnly the patient's weight, measured once a week on the same scales
2. BNothing, once the syringe driver is running
3. CThe infusion site, the rate and volume remaining, and the patient's symptoms
4. DOnly that the battery is charged and the device is switched on

A patient with diabetes is found confused with slurred speech and weakness on one side. What should the nurse check first?

1. ACapillary blood glucose
2. BBody mass index
3. CSerum cholesterol
4. DUrine output for the last day

A patient with a potassium of 2.8 mEq/L has potassium chloride prescribed IV. Which statement about giving it is correct?

1. AIt may be given as a slow IV push over one minute if the level is very low
2. BIt is given as an undiluted bolus into a large vein to avoid irritation
3. CIt is added to the IV bag without mixing, so it stays at the bottom
4. DIt is always diluted and given by infusion pump, never as an IV push

A patient with thalassemia major has received regular red cell transfusions for years. The ferritin is now very high. What does this most likely show, and what treatment is used?

1. AIron overload, treated with iron chelation therapy
2. BAcute infection, treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics
3. CLiver failure, treated with a liver transplant at once
4. DIron deficiency, treated with IV iron supplements

How is adenosine given for supraventricular tachycardia?

1. AAs a tablet under the tongue
2. BAs an intramuscular injection into the outer thigh muscle
3. CAs a rapid IV push followed by a fast saline flush
4. DAs a slow infusion over one hour

A patient on lisinopril for hypertension starts taking ibuprofen every day for knee pain. What is the main concern?

1. AWeaker blood pressure control, kidney injury and high potassium
2. BA large fall in blood pressure, with fainting and falls on standing up
3. CA higher risk of a dry cough than with lisinopril alone
4. DFaster liver metabolism of lisinopril, so it stops working

Which emergency equipment should be kept at the bedside of a patient with a tracheostomy?

1. AA nasogastric tube and a feeding pump
2. BA urinary catheter set, a blood glucose meter and a thermometer
3. COnly a spare oxygen mask, since the tube rarely causes problems
4. DSpare tubes (same size and one smaller), suction and oxygen

A nurse teaches a patient how to measure blood pressure at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will sit with my back supported and my arm at heart level."
2. B"I will rest quietly for five minutes before measuring."
3. C"I will take two readings and write them both down."
4. D"I will measure it straight after my morning jog."

Seorang pesakit mempunyai hipertensi yang sukar dikawal dan kalium yang rendah secara berterusan, tanpa mengambil diuretik. Keadaan manakah yang patut dipertimbangkan?

1. AHiperaldosteronisme primer (Conn)
2. BDiabetes insipidus kranial
3. CHipotiroidisme primer
4. DInsufisiensi adrenal primer (Addison)

Seorang pesakit yang diventilasi mengalami kecederaan otak traumatik. Sasaran PaCO₂ manakah yang biasanya disasarkan, melainkan herniasi hampir berlaku?

1. APaCO₂ tinggi untuk membuka saluran darah serebrum
2. BSebarang PaCO₂, kerana ia tidak menjejaskan ICP
3. CPaCO₂ normal (normokapnia)
4. DPaCO₂ rendah akibat hiperventilasi berpanjangan

Which complication is more typical of Crohn's disease than of ulcerative colitis?

1. AInflammation limited to the rectal lining
2. BFistulas between the bowel and other organs
3. CBleeding only from the rectum
4. DDisease that is cured by removing the colon

Seorang dewasa seberat 70 kg mempunyai lecuran 40% jumlah luas permukaan badan. Menggunakan formula Parkland, bagaimanakah kristaloid 24 jam pertama biasanya dibahagikan?

1. ASeparuh dalam 8 jam pertama dari masa lecuran, separuh lagi dalam 16 jam berikutnya
2. BSatu perempat dalam 8 jam pertama dari ketibaan, selebihnya dalam 16 jam
3. CSemuanya dalam jam pertama, kemudian cecair oral sahaja untuk baki hari
4. DJumlah yang sama setiap jam selama 24 jam, dikira dari ketibaan di hospital

Bayi baru lahir manakah yang paling berisiko mengalami hipoglisemia dalam beberapa jam pertama selepas kelahiran?

1. ABayi yang dilahirkan melalui pembedahan caesarean terancang kepada ibu yang sihat
2. BBayi dengan APGAR 9 pada minit ke-5
3. CBayi cukup bulan berat purata yang menyusu dengan baik
4. DBayi besar kepada ibu yang menghidap diabetes

A multiparous woman arrives with strong contractions and the baby is born within an hour of their onset. What should the nurse monitor closely afterwards?

1. AOnly the mother's temperature
2. BOnly the newborn's blood glucose
3. CUterine tone, bleeding and newborn injury
4. DThe mother's ability to walk alone

How should a 3-year-old use a metered-dose inhaler?

1. AWith a spacer and face mask, taking several normal breaths after each puff
2. BWith a spacer and mask, holding the breath for 10 seconds after each puff
3. CWith a spacer, giving all the prescribed puffs into it at the same time
4. DDirectly into the mouth without a spacer, while breathing in as fast as possible

Which child is most appropriate to assign to a practical (enrolled) nurse?

1. AA 7-year-old 2 days after an appendicectomy, stable on oral analgesia
2. BAn infant with bronchiolitis who needs more and more oxygen
3. CA 9-year-old newly admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis on an insulin infusion
4. DA 5-year-old just back from tonsillectomy who keeps swallowing

A young person who took LSD at a festival is frightened by what he is seeing. What is the most helpful nursing approach?

1. AStay with him in a calm, quiet place and reassure him that the effects are from the drug and will pass
2. BLeave him alone in a dark room so that he can sleep it off
3. CArgue with him that what he sees is not real until he accepts it
4. DShine a bright light in his eyes every few minutes to check his pupils and keep him alert until it wears off

A patient taking venlafaxine has started a second serotonergic medicine. She is restless, sweating, has a fast pulse and twitching muscles. What should the nurse do first?

1. AEncourage her to walk or exercise in the garden to relieve the restlessness and muscle twitching
2. BHold the serotonergic medicines and inform the prescriber urgently
3. CGive paracetamol (acetaminophen) and check her again tomorrow
4. DGive the next dose of venlafaxine as planned

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu dos dicatat pada 08:40 (jam 24 jam). Entri yang manakah merupakan masa yang sama pada jam 12 jam? Klik padanya.

1. 110:40 AM
2. 27:40 AM
3. 38:40 PM
4. 48:40 AM

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi memberikan 3 mcg/min. Nyatakan kadar dos ini D dalam mg/h.

Seorang pesakit berberat 80 kg dan dipreskripsikan 10 mg/kg sebagai dos tunggal. Cari dos D dalam mg.

Seorang pesakit setinggi 145 cm dan seberat 57 kg. Preskripsi ialah 25 mg/m². Dengan menggunakan formula Mosteller BSA = √(tinggi (cm) × berat (kg)/3600), cari dos D dalam mg.

Infuskan 500 mL selama 5 jam dengan set pemberian 60 gtt/mL. Cari kadar titisan R dalam titis seminit.

1500 mL diarahkan selama 8 jam. Selepas 4 jam anda mendapati 870 mL masih ada dalam beg, dan arahan itu mesti masih siap tepat pada masanya. Berapa peratus Δ kadar pam asal mesti dinaikkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 12 jam. Pesakit berberat 67 kg. Cari pengeluaran air kencing purata U dalam mL/kg/j. Bundarkan kepada dua tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu beg 500 mL dimulakan pada 09:45 dan berjalan dengan pam pada 60 mL/j. Berapa mL V yang tinggal dalam beg pada 12:15?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan dinilai dengan skala Braden: persepsi deria: tiada gangguan; kelembapan: kadang-kadang lembap; aktiviti: berjalan sekali-sekala; mobiliti: tidak bergerak sepenuhnya; pemakanan: sangat lemah; geseran dan ricih: masalah. Cari jumlah Braden B.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Pasukan menyasarkan tekanan arteri purata sekurang-kurangnya 65 mmHg. Tekanan sistolik pesakit ialah 117 mmHg. Dengan menggunakan MAP = (SBP + 2·DBP)/3, apakah tekanan diastolik terendah DBP yang masih memberikan MAP 65 mmHg?